km¼¯nI cwKw

\ap¡v \ne\n¡m\pw Fs´¦nepw {]hr¯nIÄ sN¿m\pw DuÀÖw BhiyamWv. `£W ]YmÀ°§fn \n¶mWv \manXmÀÖn¡p¶Xv. AXpsIm­p Xs¶ Blmc k¼mZ\s¯ \ap¡v PohnX¯nsâ ASnØm\ LSIambn KWn¡mw.
k¼mZ\þD]t`mK taJeIfnseÃmw CXc PohnIfn \n¶v hyXykvXhpw DÂIrjvShpamb coXnbmWv a\pjy³ A\phÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. sXmgn hgn Blmcw Is­¯n ]ckv]c I¨hSss¡amä§fneqsS BhiyapÅh ssIis¸Sp¯n kwkvIcn¨ tijw am{Xw D]tbmKn¡p¶p. PohnX¯nsâ `n¶ XpdIfn ]ptcmKXn ssIhcp¶tXmsS C¯cw taJeIfn hyànIÄ¡pw cmjv{S§Ä¡p Xs¶bpw kzbw ]cym]vXX \jvSs¸SpIbpw IqSpX k¦oÀWhpw A{Kmlyhpambn amdp¶p. BtKmf hn]W\ amÀ¡äpIfpw hn\nab kwhn[m\§fpw hnImkw ]q­phcp¶ B[p\nI temI¯v \map]tbmKn¡p¶ ]e DÂ]¶§fpw \nch[n CS]mSpIfneqsSbpw CS\ne¡mcneqsSbpw HgpInb tijamWv \½psS ssIIfnse¯ns¸Sp¶Xv.
Blmc¯n¶mhiyamb hn`h§Ä hen¨pIq«m³ t{]cIamb Hcm´cnI hnImcamWv BÀ¯n. hyXykvX Afhnepw kz`mh§fnepamsW¦nepw FÃmhcnepw Hcfthmfw CXp \n£n]vXamWv. F¶m CXnsâ hnt[bXz¯n ]cn[n hn«pIS¡p¶ a\pjy³ Is®¯p¶nSs¯ms¡ Is¿¯n¡m³ {ian¡pIbpw XZv^eambn tZjyw, {]XnImc_p²n, Akqb F¶o cq]§fn D{Kcq]w ]q­v ]ckv]cw sIm¼v tImÀ¡ms\mcps¼SpIbpw sN¿pt¼mgmWv Gäpap«epIfpap­mhp¶Xv. AXpsIm­p Xs¶ GsXmcmfpsSbpw BÀ¯nsb \nb{´n¡m\pw AhImis¸«Xv t\Sns¡mSp¡m\pw AÀlambh A\ym[o\s¸«pt]mhmXncn¡m\pw Nne s]mXp\nba§fmhiyamWv. CXmWv km¼¯nIhyhØ sIm­À°am¡p¶Xv.

CXc km¼¯nI {]Øm\§Ä
Blmc k¼mZ\w (Production), hn\nabw (distribution), D]t`mKw (Consumption) F¶nhbmWv temI¯pÅ km¼¯nI {]Øm\§fpsSsbÃmw ASnØm\w. [\¯nsâ DSaIfmb apgph³ a\pjyÀ¡pw AÀlhpw k´pjvShpamb coXnbneh F¯n¨psImSp¡m\pÅ t^mÀapeIfmWhb{Xbpw apt¶m«psh¡p¶Xv. IayqWnkw, Iym]näenkw, an{ihyhØ F¶o aq¶v hyhØIfmWv temI¯n\v {]Nmc¯nepÅXv. IayqWnkw k¼¯nsâ XpeyhnXcW¯n\pw Iym]näenkw D¸mZ\ hÀ²\hn\pw (Maximum production) Du¶Â \ÂIp¶p. k¼¯nsâ k¼qÀWmhImiw hyànIsftb¸n¡p¶ Iym]näenkw cmjv{S¯nsâ A[nImc taJe {]Xntcm[¯n ]cnanXs¸Sp¯p¶p. IayqWnkw apJy DSamhImiw ZpÀ_es¸Sp¯n [\¯nsâ apgph³ A[nImchpw `cWIqSs¯ G¸n¡Wsa¶p hmZn¡p¶p. apXemfn¯ hyhØ km¼¯nI cwK¯v Hcp h³ IpXn¨pNm«¯n\v Ifsamcp¡nsb¦nepw kaql¯n ISp¯ Ak´penXmhØ hcm³ AXnShcp¯n. adphi¯v IayqWnkw km¼¯nI cwK¯v ISp¯ apcSn¸mWv k½m\n¨Xv. IayqWnk¯nsâbpw Iym]näenk¯nsâbpw KpWhi§Ä Xp¶nt¨À¯v ]n¡me¯v cq]oIrXamb kwhn[m\amWv an{ihyhØ. ]e cmjv{S§fpw A\pIcn¡p¶ Cu hyhØbpw A{XXs¶ Imcy£aasöp sXfnbn¡s¸«psIm­ncn¡pIbmWv.
Ckveman\v km¼¯nI cwK¯v kz´hpw kzX{´hpamb Hcp ho£Wap­v. `qanbnse apgph³ [\hpw AÃmlphn¶pÅXmWv. "BImi`qanIfnse ]cam[nImcw AÃmlphn\pÅXmWv' a\pjy\v AXnsâ hn\nabm[nImcw am{XamWpÅXv. a\pjy\v th­n AÃmlp krjvSn¨ [\w aäpÅhcpsS AhImi§Ä l\n¡s¸Sm¯ coXnbnÂ, A\phZ\obamb amÀK§fneqsS, F{X thWsa¦nepw k¼mZn¡m\pw, kq£n¡m\pw GsXmcmÄ¡pw AhImiap­v. \nÀ[\À¡v th­n Hcp \nÝnX hnlnXw t\cnt«m `cWIqSw aptJ\tbm \ÂIWsa¶p am{Xw. F¶m FÃmhÀ¡pw AhImis¸« {]IrXn hn`h§fpw s]mXpk¼¯pw Hcp hyàn Xsâ km¼¯nItam atäm Bb kzm[o\ap]tbmKn¨v kzmb¯am¡n aäpÅhcnÂ\n¶Xp XSªpsh¡p¶Xns\ Ckvemw FXnÀ¡p¶p. ImcWw aäpÅhÀ¡Xn\pÅ Bhiy¯nsâ Xo{hX Xsâ km¼¯nI hfÀ¨bpsS D]m[nbmbn Zpcp]tbmKs¸Sp¯s¸Sm\nShcp¯pw. shÅw, ]pÃv, Xo F¶nhbn a\pjyÀ k·mcmsW¶ \_nhN\w AXmWtÃm \s½ ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. Cu lZokns\ kaImenI temI¯v {]mtbmKnI{]m[m\yapÅ CXc {]IrXnhn`h§tfmSv IqSn hnkvXcn¨v hnebncp¯s¸tS­Xp­v.

[\¯nsâ k´penX hnXcWw
k¼¯nsâ XpeyhnXcWw F¶Xns\¡mÄ Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw AÀlamb hnXcWw F¶Xn\mWv Ckvemw {]m[m\yw I¸n¡p¶Xv. a\pjycn Hcp hn`mK¯n\v \ÂIs¸« [\¯nsâ KpW^e§Ä AXp\ÂIs¸Sm¯ \nÀ[\À¡pIqSn am\yamb coXnbn e`yamhp¶Xn\mhiyamb \nch[n kwhn[m\§Ä Ckvemanep­v. AXnteähpw {][m\amWv kIm¯v. I¨hSw, Irjn, I¶pImen hfÀ¯Â, \mWbw XpS§nbhbnseÃmw Hcp \nÝnX hnlnXw ssIhiw DÅhÀ AXnÂ\ns¶mcp hnlnXw \nÀ[\À¡p \ÂI \nÀ_ÔamWv. CXn\p ]pdsa, lÖv, t\m¼v XpS§nb ]e Bcm[\Ifnepw A]mIX kw`hn¡p¶hÀ¡v {]mbÝn¯sat¶mWw \nÀ[\À¡v `£Ww hnXcWw sNt¿­XmWv. CXns\Ãmw ]pdsa ]mhs¸«hÀ¡v \ncp]m[nIw Zm\w sN¿Â kzÀ¤ {]m]vXn¡v hsc tlXpIamhp¶ Gähpw t{ijvSamb kÂIÀ½ambmsW®nbncn¡p¶Xv.

]enibpw A\ymb§fpw
A\ysâ A[zm\^ew A\[nIrXambn ssI¸äp¶ kIe NqjW apdIsfbpw IWnjamsbXnÀ¡p¶p. Zcn{Zsâ \nÀ[\Xzw Xsâ km¼¯nI hfÀ¨¡v th­n {InbmßIambp]tbmKs¸Sp¯n Ahs\ \nXy Zmcn{Zy¯nsâ ImWm¡b§fnte¡v XÅnbnSp¶ ]enisb¶ alm]mXIs¯ JpÀB³ ]ebnS§fnepw hnaÀjn¡p¶Xp ImWmw. AÃmlp I¨hSw A\hZ\obhpw ]eni \njn²hpam¡nbncn¡p¶p. apXemfn¯ cmjv{S§fpsS k¼Zvkar²nbpsS aqeinebmbn IW¡m¡p¶ ]eni \nt£]amÀK§sf aµo`hn¸n¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. ImcWw ]eni aptJ\ [\nIÀ¡v \nÝnX km¼¯nI hÀ²\hv e`n¡psa¦nepw asämcp hn`mKw AXphgn \cIn¡pIbpw {]hN\mXoXamb em`km[yXIfpÅ aäp s]mXptaJem \nt£]§fn \n¶hsc ]n´ncn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Bt]£nIamb HcpXcw apcSn¸mbncn¡patÃm CXnsâ ^ew. adphi¯v \nÀ[\sâ XIÀ¨bpw. Xm¡menIamb Fs´ms¡ t\«§fps­¦nepw ]enibpsS ^ew Gsd Zpc´abamWv. JpÀB\nXv hyàam¡p¶Xv "\nÝbw ]eni Xn¶p¶h³ ]nimNv _m[tbähs\ t]msebÃmsX FWoäp \n¡nÃ' F¶ hmIy¯neqsSbmWv. ]enihm§epw sImSp¡epsa¶Ã AXpambn _Ôs¸« GXp sXmgnepw alm]m]amsW¶XmWv CkvemanIv ho£Ww.
CXn\p ]pdsa Icn©´, ]qgv¯nsh¸v, tem«dn, NqXm«w, Afhnepw Xq¡¯nepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn¡Â, CÃm¯ KpW§Ä s]cp¸n¨v ]dªv D]t`màmhns\ I_fn¸n¡Â, I¨hSw \S¶p Ignª Hcp hkvXphn\v hne]db XpS§n aäpÅhsc h©n¡pIbpw at\mhnjaw hcp¯pIbpw sNbvtX¡mhp¶ H«pan¡ {Iat¡SpIfpw IÀi\ambn hne¡s¸«XmWv. ""\nÝbw P\§fpsS [\w AhnlnXamb\p`hn¡p¶hÀ Xsâ hbän Xo\mfamWv \nd¡p¶Xv. Xo IpÞ¯neh³ tNcpIbpw sN¿pw.''

sXmgnepw [\mÀÖ\hpw
[\mÀÖ\¯nsâ Gähpw am\yamb amÀKamb sXmgnens\ Hcp hyànbpsS [À½sa¶Xnep]cn ]hn{Xamb Hcp kÂIÀ½ambmWv KWn¡p¶Xv. {]hmNIÀ(kz) Hcn¡Â ]dªp: ""\n§fnteähpw t{ijT³ kz´w ssIsIm­[zm\n¨v Atlm hr¯n Ign¨pIq«p¶h\mWv.'' {]hmNIÀ(kz)bpsS ASp¯v bmNn¨ph¶ Hcp a\pjy\v Hcp agphm§ns¡mSp¯v hndIp­m¡n PohnXamÀKw sh«ns¯fnbn¡m³ \nÀt±in¨ {]hmNIÀ(kz) sXmgnensâ amlmßyw ]Tn¸n¡pIbmbncp¶p. HcmÄ IbsdSp¯v hndIpsI«pIÄ kz´w apXpIn Npa¶v hn¸\ \S¯n Xsâ A`nam\w kq£n¨p Pohn¡emWv P\§tfmSv bmNn¡p¶Xnt\¡mÄ Ah\p¯asa¶v asämcn¡Â \_n(kz) ]dªp. bmN\sb \ncpÕmls¸Sp¯n \nch[n lZokpIÄ ImWmw. Gähpw henb A`nam\£Xambn«mWv bmN\sb ImWp¶Xv. F¶m PohnX¯nsâ c­ä§Ä ap«n¡m\mhmsX, sXmgnen\v th­ ImbnI_eanÃm¯hÀ bmNn¡p¶Xv FXnÀ¡s¸Sm\pw km[yaÃ. Bsc¦nepw bmNn¨psIm­v ap¼n h¶m aS¡n hnSpItbm Fdnªm«pItbm sN¿cpXv. sXmgnensâ ASnØm\¯n hyànbpsS \nehmcw \nÝbn¡p¶tXm, \nÝnX sXmgn Hcp hn`mK¯nsâ ta ASnt¨Â¸n¡p¶tXm BimkyaÃ. GsXmcmÄ¡pw Xsâ ss\]pWy¯n\pw A`ncpNnIÄ¡pa\pkrXambn GXpXcw tPmenbpw kzoIcn¡m\hkcap­v. {]hmNIÀ(kz)bpsS A\pbmbnIfn Atlmhr¯n¡p th­n `n¶ tPmenIfn hym]rXcmbhcp­mbncp¶p. F¶m ssZhnI kmao]yhpw kvacWbpw hÀ²n¡m\nShcp¶ tPmenIfn hym]rXcmhp¶Xn\v ap³KW\ \ÂIs¸Sp¶psh¶p am{Xw.

k¼¯pw sXmgnemfnIfpw
sXmgnensâ ASnØm\¯n cq]s¸Sp¶ c­phn`mK§Ä apXemfnamcpw sXmgnemfnIfpamWv. Cu c­phn`mK§Ä ]ment¡­ acymZIsf¡pdn¨v Ckvemw hfsc hyàambn {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p­v. sXmgnemfnItfmSv hfsc ]cpjambn s]cpamdp¶Xpw AhcpsS \SpshmSn¡p¶ \nebnepÅ AanX tPmen`mcw ASnt¨Â¸n¡p¶Xpw, AÀlamb thX\w XSªpsh¡p¶Xpsams¡ IWniambn hen¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. sXmgnemfn¡v hnbÀ¸v häpw ap¼v thZ\w \ÂIWsa¶mWv {]hmNIÀ(kz) {]Jym]n¨Xv. AhnSs¯ hnShm§Â {]kwK¯nÂt]mepw sXmgnemfnItfmSpÅ _m[yXIsf¡pdn¨v FSp¯p]dªncp¶p.
apXemfnamsc X§fpsS hÀKi{Xp¡fmbn Nn{XoIcn¨v AhÀs¡Xnsc ]Ss]mcpXm\pÅ Blzm\w \ÂInb IayqWnk¯n \n¶pw sXmgnemfnbpsS AkvXnXzw \ntj[n¨v Ahs\ tIhew ]Wnbmbp[ambn¡mWp¶ apXemfn¯ ho£W tImWn \n¶pw `n¶ambn Ccphn`mKhpw kaql¯nsâ A\nhmcyamb s\SpwXqWpIfmsW¶pw Cu c­p hn`mK¯nsâbpw ]ckv]c hnizmkhpw kvt\lhpamWv kaql¯nsâ hnPb clkysa¶pamWv Ckvemansâ ho£Ww.

IpSpw_ XIˬ
IpSpw_Xe¯n CXv krjvSn¨ {]iv\§Ä CXntesd k¦oÀWambncp¶p. IpSpw_n\nsb¶ A\nhmcy tdmfpt]£n¨v D¶X hnZy`ymkhpw DtZymKhpw tXSn Dbc§fnte¡v ]d¶pbcm³ sh¼ÂsIm­ AhfpsS amXrXz¯nsâ Dujvamhpw kvt\lkv]Ài§fpw e`n¡msX, A\ysâ Iqen tkh\¯nsâ XWen arKXpeycmbn hfÀ¶ Xeapd kz`mhsshIey§fpsSbpw kmaqly ssiYney§fpsSbpw ImhemfpIfmbn amdn. kaql¯n A\pZn\w hÀ²nX hocyt¯msS hfÀ¶phcp¶ tamjWw, sIme]mXIw, aZy]m\w, _emÂkwLw XpS§n H«pan¡ kmaqly{]iv\§Ä¡pwImcWambn a\imkv{X hnZKZcpw kmaqlyNn´Icpw Btcm]n¡p¶Xv amXrkvt\l¯nsâ A`mh¯Â ]Scp¶ IpSpw_ssiYneyamWv. kv{XobpsS DtZymKhpw cwK{]thihpw Bt]£nIambn IqSpXepÅ \Kc{]tZi§fnemWn¯cw {]iv\§Ä Xg¨p hfcp¶Xv.
FÃm¯n\pw ]Icw kv{Xo¡v e`n¨Xv Cc« tdmfpIfpsS I\¯ _m[yXbmbncp¶p. HutZymKnI sXmgnepIÄ¡p ]pdsa ho«ptPmenIfpw AhcpsS ]ncSnbn ]Xnªp. ]pcpj³ CXv I­v Xsâ D¯chmZn¯§fn \n¶v ]pdtIm«p t]mbn. ]pdwtemI§Ä ]WnX hnZqc km[yXIfn I®psh¨ `mcybpw `À¯mhpw ]ckv]cw DÄs¡mÅmt\m hnImc§Ä ]¦psh¡mt\m X¿mdmbnÃ. IpSpw_w \cIhpw Zm¼Xy_Ô§fn t]mepw AekXbpw sshapJyhpw CgªpIbdn.
aXhnizmk§sfbpw ]mc¼cy§sfbpw ]g©\pw ]n´ncn¸\pambn Nn{XoIcn¨hcn `qcn`mKhpw CkvemanI hncp² ]mfb¯nepÅhcmbncp¶Xn\mÂ, CXc aX§fpw ]mc¼cy hnizmk§fpw \ÂInbXnt\¡mÄ F{Xtbm aS§v kzmX{´yw Ckvemw \ÂInbn«pw Ahkc§fn \n¶v ASÀ¯nsbSp¯ Nne alZvhmIy§fpw ]Ým¯e§Ä sh«namänb kw`hIYIfpw s]m¡n¸nSn¨v ZpÀhymJym\w \S¯n Ckvemans\ {]XnØm\¯v \nÀ¯m\mWv apkvenw hntcm[nIÄ {ian¨Xv.