AJoZx BapJw

CÂap AJoZbn NÀ¨ sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv hnizmkhpambn _Ôs¸« hnjb§fmWv. sI«pI, _Ôn¡pI F¶À°w hcp¶ “AJZ’ F¶ aqe]Z¯n \n¶v hcp¶ AJoZ sImWvSv hnh£n¡s¸Sp¶Xv a\Êpambn _Ôn¨ Imcy§fmWv. hnizmk Imcy§Ä a\Êp sImWvSv Dd¨p hnizkn¡p¶hbpw a\Ên cqVaqeaqehpambXp ImcWw hnizmk Imcy§Ä¡v AJoZ F¶ ]Zw D]tbmKn¨p hcp¶p. AJmCZv BWv _lphN\w.
_mlyamb {]hÀ¯\§fn CkvemanI icoAXv A\pkcn¨v PohnXw \bn¡p¶hsc apkvensa¶v hnfn¡p¶p. apAvan\pw(bYmÀ° hnizmkn) ap\m^nJpw(I]Shnizmkn) CXn DÄs¸Sp¶p. F¶m kXyhnizmkw a\Ên Dd¨hÀ am{XamWv apAvan\pIÄ. (bYmÀ° hnizmknIÄ)

BhiyIX
hnizmkw sImWvSpt±in¡p¶Xv AÃmlphnepw Ah³ \ntbmKn¨ ZqX·mcnepw ae¡pIfnepw AhXoÀWamb {KÙ§fnepw þXudmXv(ss__nÄ ]gb \nbaw), k_qÀ, C³PoÂ(ss__nÄ ]pXnb \nbaw), JpÀB³þ, A´y\mfnepw, \· Xn·IÄ AÃmlphn \n¶msW¶pw hnizkn¡pIbmWv.
Cu Bdp Imcy§fn hnizkn¨v CkvemanI icoAXv A\pkcn¨v Pohn¡p¶hÀ bYmÀ° hnizmknIfmWv. Cu Imcy§fn hnizkn¡p¶ HcmÄ CXn kwibw DZn¡m¯ ]£w CÂap AJoZ ]Tnt¡WvSXnÃ. CÂap AJoZ, CÂap Iemw F¶nh sImWvSpt±in¡p¶Xv hnizmk Imcy§Ä AXnsâ bYmÀ° cq]¯n Øm]n¡pIbpw Ahbn hcp¶ sXämb hmZ§sf {]Xntcm[n¡pIbpw sN¿pI F¶XmWv. hnizmk Imcy§fn kwibapÅhÀ B
kwibw \o§p¶Xp hsc ]T\w \St¯WvSXpWvSv.
Cu hnÚm\imJ kzmb¯am¡Â kmaqlnIamsbmcp \nÀ_Ô _m[yXbmW.v (^Àfv In^mb) \m«n ]ÞnXcnsemcmÄ Cu hnjbw Adnªncn¡pIbpw hnizmk Imcy§fn kw`hn¡p¶ t]mcmbvaIfpw kwib§fpw CÃmXmt¡WvSXpapWvSv. BZyIme¯v Cu hnÚm\imJ ^nJvlp AIv_À F¶v Adnbs¸«ncp¶p. Camw A_ql\o^bpsS A ^nJvlp AIv_À BWv Cu cwKs¯ BZy {KÙw.
hnizmk Imcy§sf _p²nbpsSbpw \ymbimkv{X {]amW§fpsSbpw ASnØm\¯n Øncs¸Sp¯p¶ hnÚm\imJbmWv CÂap Iemw. Aºmkn `cW¯nsâ {]mcw`L«¯n Ahm´c hn`mK§fnsem¶mb apAvXknenIfmWv BZyambn Cu imJ¡p XpS¡anSm³ ImcWambXv. {Ko¡pImÀ hmZ§Ä Øncs¸Sp¯phm\p]tbmKn¨ncp¶ a³XznJv (XÀ¡imkv{Xw) D]tbmKn¨v apAvXknenIÄ X§fpsS hmZ§Ä Øncs¸Sp¯p¶ ]XnhpWvSmbncp¶Xn\m Cu hnÚm\imJ¡v CÂap Iemw F¶ t]cph¶psh¶pw, AhcpsS NÀ¨bpsS {][m\hnjbw AÃmlphnsâ Iemamb JpÀB³ BbXp sImWvSv CÂap Iemw F¶dnbs¸«psh¶pw XpS§n A\h[n A`n{]mb§fpWvSv, CÆnjb¯nÂ.
apAvXknen hn`mK¯n A_qAen¿n PpºmCubpsS injy\mbncp¶ A_p lk³ AivAcn Xsâ tNmZy§Ä¡v hyàamb adp]Sn e`n¡mXncp¶Xn\m AlvepÊp¶bpsS ]£w tNcpIbpw X\Xmb CkvemanI hnizmk§Ä CÂap IemaneqsS kaÀ°n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. tijw JmZn A_q_Ivcn _mJnÃm\n, A_q CkvlmJv Ckv^dmbo\n, Camap ldssa³, Camw Kkmen XpS§nbhÀ Cu hnÚm\imJsb ]cnt]mjn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

hnizmk{`wiw
{]hmNI Ime¯p Xs¶ I]ShnizmknIÄ (ap\m^nJpIÄ) cwK{]thiw \S¯nbn«pWvSmbncp¶p. {]hmNItcmSv A\mhiyamb tNmZy§fpw kwib§fpw tNmZn¨v \_nsbbpw kzlm_nIsfbpw ]camh[n ieywsN¿pIbpw sNbvXp AhÀ.
lpss\³ bp² tijw {]hmNI³(kz) bp²apXepIÄ Hmlcnsh¡p¶ kabw. Zp JpsshkndXp¯aoan Fs¶mcmÄ \_n(kz)tbmSmbn ]dªp: “apl½tZ, \oXn ]men¡pI; \nÝbw \o \oXn ]men¨n«nÃ.’ {]hmNI³(kz) ]dªp: “CbmfpsS hn`mK¯n Hcp kaqlw ]pd¯phcpw; AhÀ aX¯n \n¶v A¼v hnÃn \n¶v ]pd¯pt]mIp¶Xp t]mse ]pd¯pt]mhp¶Xmbncn¡pw.’
JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: “CSn¯oIsf Ah³ Ab¡pIbpw Ah\pt±in¡p¶hÀ¡v AXv _m[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. AhÀ AÃmlphnsâ hnjb¯n XÀ¡n¡p¶p. Ah³ iàn ITn\ambhm\mIp¶p.’ (dAvZv: 14)
CkvemanI \nbahyhØ JpÀB\nsâbpw lZoknsâbpw shfn¨¯n _p²nbp]tbmKn¨v a\Ênemt¡WvS H¶mWv. _p²nbpsSbpw JpÀBsâbpw DZmlcWw ImgvNbpsSbpw shfn¨¯nsâbpw t]msebmWv. A\yq\amb ImgvN t]msebmWv XIcmdnÃm¯ _p²n. shfn¨anÃmXncn¡pt¼mÄ A\yq\amb ImgvN, hkvXphns\ icnbmbn ImWm³ km[n¡m¯Xp t]mse XIcmdnÃm¯ _p²nbp]tbmKn¨v JpÀB\nsâ shfn¨anÃmsX CkvemanI hnizmk§sf ho£n¨m B]¯nembncn¡pw AXv sN¶pNmSpI.
ImemIme§fn {]hmNI·mÀ hcnIbpw PohnX¯nsâ e£y§sf Ipdn¨pw a\pjy³ ]n´pStcWvS hnizmk§sf Ipdn¨pw {]hÀ¯\§sf Ipdn¨pw Ahs\ DWÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXp. AhcpsS kXyhmÀ¯ ssZh¯n \n¶pÅXmsW¶Xn\p km£yambn AhÀ Aam\pjnI Imcy§Ä ImWn¨p sImSp¯p. acW¯n\p tijw hcp¶ temIs¯ Ipdn¨pw A´y\mfns\ Ipdn¨pw AhÀ ap¶dnbn¸p \ÂIn.
Aam\pjnI ZrjvSm´§Ä a\Ênem¡nbhÀ kXyhmÀ¯bnepw adª Imcy§fnepw hnizkn¡pIbpw ap¶dnbn¸ns\ Kuch]qÀhw kzoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. X§Ä kXyhm\msW¶v a\Ênem¡nb Hcp {]hmNI³ adª Imcy§sf Ipdn¨v hnhcw \ÂI AXn hnizkn¡m³ _p²nbpÅh\v aXnbmbXmWtÃm.
_p²nsbbpw Nn´sbbpw sXämb coXnbn D]tbmKn¨Xmbncp¶tÃm a\pjysâ i{Xphmb ssiXzm³ BZyambn sNbvX sXäv. a\pjy\v kmjvSmwKw sN¿m³ Xsâ {kjvSmhpw Bcm[y\pamb AÃmlp IÂ]n¨t¸mÄ Xm³ Aht\¡mÄ t{ijvT\msW¶pw Xs¶ Aán sImWvSpw Ahs\ a®p]tbmKn¨pamWv krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶Xv F¶ Nn´bn ssiXzm³ ssZhIÂ]\b\pkcn¨nÃ.
{kjvSmhmb AÃmlp hyàambn IÂ]n¨ Hcp hnjb¯n hoWvSphnNmcw \S¯p¶Xp t]msebtà JpÀB\pw {]hmNI\pw hyàambn ]dª Imcy§fn bpànbpw \ymbhpw ]cXp¶Xv? F¶mÂ, CkvemanI \nbahyhØ bpàn¡¸pdaÃ. ]t£, Cu hnjb§fnepÅ bpàn a\Ênem¡pt¼mÄ JpÀB\nsâbpw lZoknsâbpw ]n³_e¯nepw shfn¨¯nepw Bbncn¡Ww AsX¶p am{Xw.
{]hmNI Imew apX¡v aX¯nsâ \nÀtZi§Ä X§fpsS _p²n¡pw XmXv]cy§Ä¡pw A\ptbmPyamb coXnbn hymJym\n¡m³ JhmcnPv, apAvXkne t]mepÅ hn`mK§Ä apt¶m«p h¶p. XXzNn´¡v IqSpX {]m[m\yw \ÂInb Aºmkn ImeL«¯nse XXzNn´bn CkvemanI ho£W§Ä¡v hncp²amb ]e Nn´Ifpw DÄt¨À¶ncp¶p.
Cusbmcp kmlNcy¯n Camw A_p lk³ AivAcnbpw ]n³KmanIfpw CkvemanI hnizmk§sf JpÀB\nsâbpw lZoknsâbpw shfn¨¯n \ymb{]amW imkv{X§Ä¡\pkcn¨v hniZoIcn¨p.
_p²nbp]tbmKn¨v {]]©¯nse krjvSnIsf Ipdn¨v Nn´n¡phm\pw krjvSn¸nepÄs¡mWvS ]mT§fpÄs¡mWvSv {kjvSmhntes¡¯nt¨cm\pw JpÀB³ \nc´cw D]tZin¡p¶p. _p²nsb thWvScoXnbn D]tbmKn¡m³ t{]cn¸n¡pIbmWv CXneqsS e£yw sh¡p¶Xv.
JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: “AXn\m (ag aqeapÅ) AÃmlphnsâ ImcpWy¯nsâ ASbmf§fnte¡v Xm¦Ä t\m¡pI; `qan \nÀPohamb tijw AXns\ kPoham¡nbXv F§s\sb¶v. \nÝbw Ah³ acn¨hsc Pohn¸n¡pw, Ah³ FÃm hkvXp¡Ä¡p taepw ià\t{X.’ (A A³Bw 50)
N{Ihmf§fnepw Ahcn Xs¶bpw \½psS ZrjvSm´§Ä AhÀ¡p \mw ImWn¨psImSp¡pw. \nivNbw, AXv (JpÀB³) kXyamsW¶v AhÀ¡p hyàamhp¶Xp hsc. \nÝbw Xm¦fpsS \mY³ Xs¶ aXnbmhpIbntÃ, Ah³ kakvX kwKXnIÄ¡pw km£nbmsW¶Xn\v. (^pÊzneXv 53)
\nÝbw BImi`qanIsf krjvSn¨Xnepw cm¸I hyXymks¸Sp¶Xnepw P\§Ä¡p]Icn¡p¶ kap{Z¯n k©cn¡p¶ I¸epIfnepw AÃmlp BImi¯p \n¶nd¡p¶ Pe¯nepw þAXp sImWvSh³ `qansb \nÀPohamb tijw Pohn¸n¡pIbpw AXn hym]n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXpþ ImäpIsfbpw BImi`qanIÄ¡nSbn \nb{´Wm[o\am¡s¸«n«pÅ taL§sfbpw \nb{´n¡p¶Xnepw ZrjvSm´§Ä (e£y§Ä) _p²nbpÅ P\X¡pWvSv. (A _Jd: 164)
C¯cw JpÀB\nI hN\§Ä ssZhmkvXnIyw, ]p\ÀhnNmcW, ]ctemIw XpS§nb Imcy§Ä a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\v krjvSnIfnepw {]m]©nI {]Xn`mk§fnepaS§nb ssZhnI ZrjvSm´§Ä Nn´n¨p a\Ênem¡m³ a\pjy\p t{]cW \ÂIp¶p.

ap³KmanIfpw hnizmk Imcy§fpw
apl½Zv \_n(kz) hniZoIcn¨ {]Imcw hnizmkmZÀ§sf DÄs¡mWvSp, {]hmNIsâ(kz) A\pbmbnIfmbncp¶ kzlm_n hcy·mÀ. hnizmks¯ iàns¸Sp¯n Bcm[\IÄ hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xnepw {]t_m[\ {]hÀ¯\§fnepw AhÀ {i² ]peÀ¯n. apIfn ]dª Bb¯n kqNn¸n¨ t]mse Nne I]ShnizmknIÄ A¡me¯pw AÃmlphnsâ bmYmÀ°ys¯ Ipdn¨pw hntijW§sf Ipdn¨pw XÀ¡n¡mXncp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ, _lp‘qcn]£w hcp¶ kzlm_nIÄ CÆnjb¯n XÀ¡hnXÀ¡§Ät¡m a\\\nKa\§Ät¡m Ahkcw \ÂInbnÃ. Xm_nDIfmb kzlm_Xn\p tijapÅ CkvemanI Xeapdbpw CtX \ne]mSv XpSÀ¶p t]m¶p.
hnizmkImcy§fn XÀ¡§fpsS Hcp taJebmWv JpÀB\nse hyàambn hniZoIcn¡m³ Ignbm¯ Nne ]Z§Ä. (DZmlcWambn bZpÃln ^uJ sFZolnw: (AÃmlphnsâ ssI AhcpsS ssIIÄ¡p aosXbmWv F¶v hm¡ÀYw) F¶ hmIyw.). C¯cw ]Z§fpsS Dt±iymÀ°w F´msW¶ hnjb¯n ap³KmanIfmb kzlm_Xpw Xm_nDIfpw IqSpX NÀ¨¡v X¿mdmbnÃ. AhbpsS Dt±iymÀ°w AÃmlp IqSpX Adnbp¶h\mWv F¶ hmIy¯n AhcpsS NÀ¨IÄ HXp§n. AÃmlphnsâ bmYmÀ°ys¯ Ipdn¨v a\Ênem¡m³ AÃmlphnsâ al¯mb krjvSnIsf Ipdn¨pw Ah³ AhÀ¡v sNbvX henb A\p{Kl§sf Ipdn¨pw Nn´n¡pIbmWv thWvSsX¶v AhÀ a\Ênem¡n.
JpÀB\n AÃmlp hyàam¡p¶p: AÃtbm P\§tf, `qanbnepÅXn \n¶v A\phZ\obhpw \ÃXns\bpw \n§Ä `pPn¡pI. ]nimNnsâ NphSpIsf \n§Ä A\pKan¡cpXv. \nÝbambpw Ah³ \n§fpsS {]Xy£ i{XphmWv. \nÝbw, Ah³ Xn· sImWvSpw No¯ sImWvSpw AÃmlphnsâ t]cn \n§Ä¡p hnhcanÃm¯Xv ]dbm³ IÂ]n¡pw. (A _Jd 168þ169)
]dbpI, \nÝbw Fsâ c£nXmhv \oNIÀa§Ä þAXn \n¶v ]ckyambXpw clkyambXpwþ Ipä hr¯nbpw AhImiat\y t{Zmln¡epw, Ah³ bmsXmc[nImchpw Cd¡n¯¶n«nÃm¯Xns\ AÃmlphnt\mSv ]¦ptNÀ¡epw, \n§Ä¡v hnhcanÃm¯Xv AÃmlphn\p ta ]dbepw \njn²am¡nbncn¡p¶p. (A AAvdm^v 33)
]n¡me¯v AÃmlphnsâ hntijW§sf a\pjycpsS hntijW§fpambn XmcmXays¸Sp¯nb “apiºnlXv’ hn`mKhpw AÃmlphn\v hntijW§fpWvSv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv AÃmlphnsâ JnZav (A\mZnbmhpI) F¶ hntijW¯n ]¦mb H¶ne[nIw hkvXp¡sf krjvSn¡psa¶pw AXv _lpssZhXz¯nte¡v \bn¡psa¶pw hmZn¨ apAvXkne hn`mKhpw DSseSp¯p. AÃmlphnsâ bmYmÀ°yhpw Ahsâ hntijW§fpw ]ÞnX kZÊpIfpsS {][m\ NÀ¨mhnjbambn. AXp Øm]n¡m³ thWvSn XÀ¡imkv{X§fn ]ÞnX·mÀ AhKmlw t\Sn. A§s\ cq]s¸«p h¶ hnizmk ZÀi\ imkv{Xw (CÂap Iemw) AXn{ZpXw ]ptcmKXn t\Sns¡mWvSncp¶ aäp sshÚm\nI imkv{X§fn \n¶pw ]ÞnX temI¯nsâ DuÀÖhpw {i²bpw IhÀs¶Sp¯p. Hcp \oWvSImew C§s\ XpScpIbpw hnizmk ZÀi\imkv{Xw apkvenw hnZym`ymk¯nsâ Ahn`mPyLSIambn amdpIbpw sNbvXp.