apl½Zv \_n (k) A\y aX§fnÂ

{]]© krjvSn¸nsâ ImcW¡mc\pw kÀhP\§fn A¯p¯acpamWv Ckvemanse Ahkm\s¯ {]hmNIcmb apl½Zv \_n (k). hfsc t\cs¯ Xs¶ C¯csamcp {]hmNIcpsS \ntbmKs¯¡pdn¨v tamkkpw(aqkm \_n) tbiphpw(Cukm \_n) X§fpsS kaqlt¯mSv ip`hmÀ¯bdnbn¨ncp¶p. ]nÂIme¯v PqXcpw {InkvXym\nIfpambn amdnb C{kmCueyÀ C¡mcyw \nti[n¡pIbpw ss__nÄ sh«n¯ncp¯pIbpamWpWvSmbXv. apl½Zv \_n (k) ]nd¶Xv X§fpsS {]hmNI ]c¼cbmb CkvlmJsâ hwi¯nembncp¶nà F¶mWv ImcWw.
apl½Zv \_n (k)bpsS {]hmNIXz¯nte¡v hnc NqWvSp¶ [mcmfw hN\§Ä Ct¸mgpw ss__nfn ImWmhp¶XmWv. \ns¶t¸mse Hcp {]hmNIs\ AhcpsS ktlmZc·mcnÂ\n¶pw AhÀ¡mbn \mw DbÀ¯pw. Rm³ Fsâ hN\§Ä Abmfp
sS \mhn \nthin¸n¡pw (BhÀ¯\w 18--- þ18). ta hN\¯nse \ns¶t¸mse F¶ ]Z{]tbmKw kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv tamkkpw hcm\ncn¡p¶ B{]hmNI\pw Xpey·mcmbncn¡psa¶mWv. P\\w,hnhmlw, IpSpw_PohnXw, ]memb\w, A´yhn{iaw,P\§fpsS AwKoImchpw \ncmIcWhpw, ]pXnb icoA¯nsâ kaÀ¸Ww XpS§nb hnib§fnseÃmw apl½Zv \_n (k) tamkknt\mSv Gsd kmZriyw ]peÀ¯nbncp¶p. AYhm, tamkkpw hnhmlnX\mbncp¶p. apl½Zv \_n (k)bpw hnhmlnX\mbncp¶p. Ccphcpw ]nXm¡fpÅhcpw kz´w P\XbpsS ]cWm[n]·mcpambncp¶p. cWvSv t]cpw IpSpw_ PohnXw \bn¡pIbpw P· \m«n \n¶v ]memb\w sN¿pIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv. tamkkpw apl½Zv \_n (k)bpw \bn¨Xv ap³ icoA¯n \n¶pw hnXykvXamb icoA¯pIfpbncp¶p.