ASna¯ hyhØ CkvemanÂ

HcmÄ asämcp hyànsbtbm Hcp kaqlw asämcp P\hn`mKs¯tbm X§fpsS CwKnX§Ä¡\pkcn¨v \nb{´n¡pIsb¶v ASna¯s¯ \nÀÆNn¡mw. ]pcmX\ Ime¯v \ne\n¶ncp¶ ASna¯¯nsâ {]mIrX cq]hpw Atacn¡ aq¶mw temI cmjv{S§fpsS ta kzoIcn¨phcp¶ cmjv{Sob \bhpw Cu \nÀÆN\¯n s]Sp¶p.
a\pjy Ncn{X¯n Ime§fmbn XpSÀ¶p hcp¶ Hcp kmaqlnI ZpcmNmcamWv ASna¯w. t]Àjy, C´y, tdmw, CuPn]vXv XpS§nb H«pan¡ taJeIfnepw km¼¯nI kmaqlnI cwK§fpsS Ahnt¨Zy LSIambn ASna¯w \ne\n¶p t]m¶p. ASnaIsf a\pjycmbnt¸mepw ImWmsX arKobhpw \njvTqchpamb kao]\ ssienIfmWh\phÀ¯n¨v t]m¶Xv. tdma¡mÀ, \m¡menIfpsS Igp¯n IbdpIÄ F¶ t]mse, ASnaIÄ HmSnt¸mhmXncn¡m³ AhcpsS ssIImepIfn kZm N§eIÄ _Ôn¨ncp¶p. 18þmw \qämWvSn Atacn¡³ `qJÞw sh«ns¯fnbn¡m³ thWvSn B{^n¡bn \n¶v {]Xnamkw 5000t¯mfw t]scbmWv Znhk§tfmfw A¶hpw shÅhpw \ntj[n¨v I¸epIfn Ip¯n\nd¨v IbäpaXn sNbvXXv F¶Xvv Ncn{Xw. ]s¯m¼Xmw \qämWvSnsâ D¯cmÀ²¯n t]mepw ssN\bn ASna¨´IÄ hym]Iambncp¶p.
temI¯mIam\w \ne\n¶ncp¶ Cu kmaqlnI ZpcmNmcw {]hmNIÀ(kz)bpsS BKa\ Ime¯v Atd_ybnepw ]cnkc{]tZi§fnepw hfsc arKob coXnbn Xs¶ XpSÀ¶p h¶p. {]hmNIÀ(kz) Cu k{¼Zmbt¯mSv \ntj[mßIambmWv kao]n¨Xv. ASna¯ k{¼Zmbw kaql¯n\pÅn \n¶v D·qe\w sN¿m\pÅ hyhØm]nXhpw {Ia_²hpamb coXnIÄ {]tbmKn¨p. Hcp hi¯v ASnaIÄs¡XnscbpÅ ]oU\§fhkm\n¸n¨v am\yhpw am\pjnIhpamb s]cpamä coXnIÄ hmKvZm\w sNbvXt¸mÄ adphi¯v ASnaIfpsS a\Ên \n¶v A]IÀjXbpw A[at_m[hpw \o¡w sNbvXv ]pXnb Hcp am\pjnI kzXzw Ahcn hfÀ¯nsbSp¡m\mbncp¶p \_n(kz) BZy]Sn DZyan¨Xv.
AKXnIÄ, A\mYIÄ XpS§nb ZpÀ_e hn`mK§sft¸mse ASnaItfmSp \Ã\nebn hÀ¯n¡p¶Xns\bpw kXyhnizmknbpsS auenI KpW§fnsem¶mbmWv HcnS¯v JpÀB³ F®nbXv. ""\n§Ä asämcmsfbpw ]¦ptNÀ¡msX AÃmlphns\ Bcm[n¡pI, amXm]nXm¡tfmSv \Ã\nebn hÀ¯n¡pI, _Ôp¡Ä, A\mYIÄ, AKXnIÄ....... \n§fpsS Icheb¯nsemXp§nbhÀ XpS§nbhtcmsSÃmw \Ã\nebn s]cpamdpI.''(Jp:4:136) Hcn¡Â \_n(kz) A\pbmbnIsf D]tZin¨p. \n§sfmcn¡epw CsXsâ ASnabmWv, Asæn ASnas¸®msW¶v ]dbcpXv; ]Icw the¡mc³, the¡mcn F¶n§s\ {]tbmKn¡pI, ASna¡v am\knI hnImkw ]Icm\pÅ kp{][m\amb Hcp Nhn«p]SnbmWnXv. alm\mb A_qZÀdv (d) Hcmfpambn iWvT IqSp¶Xn\nSbn {]XntbmKnsb "C_v\p hlvin' (\ot{KmbpsS ]p{X³) F¶v hnfn¡p¶Xv tI«v \_n(kz) Kuchkzc¯n At±lt¯mSv tNmZn¨p: ""\n¶n \n¶v ]gb AÔXbpsS AhinjvS§Ä C\nbpw amªpIgnªn«nntÃ?''
Hcn¡Â C_v\p akvDuZv (d) HcSnasb ASn¡p¶Xv IWvSp s\©enhv tXm¶nb {]hmNI³(kz) hnImc`cnX\mbns¡mWvSv At±ls¯ D]tZin¨p: ""\o CbmfpsS Imcy¯n AÃmlphns\ `bs¸SpI. \nÝbambpw Ahsâta \n\¡pÅXns\¡mÄ iànbpw kzm[o\hpw AÃmlphn\v \nsâ ta DWvSv.''............. Cu D]tZiw DÄs¡mWvS C_v\pakvDuZv(d) ]n¶oSv PohnX¯nsemcn¡epw HcSnasbbpw ASn¡nsöv {]Jym]n¡pIbpWvSmbn. A¶s¯ KmÀlnI Npäp]mSn C¶v Hcp IÀjI³ \m¡mensb ASn¡p¶Xnepw emLht¯msSbmWv AhcnXpIWvSncp¶Xv.
FÃp apdnsb tPmensN¿n¨v hoSnsâ ]Sn¸pc¡¸pdt¯¡v hni¸v amdms\s´¦nepw FdnªpsImSp¡p¶ \ne {]hmNI³(kz) amänsbSp¯p. ""Ahscs¡mWvSv Hcn¡epw Ignbm¯ theIÄ GSp¸n¡cpXv.'' ""Ahsc \n§fpsS IqsS `£Ww Ign¸n¡pI'' XpS§n ASnaIfpsS a\Ên hnImkhpw a\pjyXzt_m[hpw ]IÀ¶p sImSp¡p¶ coXnbmWv {]hmNIÀ(kz) kzoIcn¨Xv. AXn\p]pdsa BÀs¡¦nepw ASna¯¯n \n¶v tamN\w t\SWsa¶psWvS¦n AbmÄ¡v tamN\]{XsagpXns¡mSp¡mhp¶XmWv. A¯c¡msc klmbn¡m `cWIqS¯nsâ _m[yXbmWv. kIm¯nsâ F«v AhIminIfnsemcmÄ C¯c¡mc\mWv. A©mw Jeo^sb¶v hntijn¸n¡s¸« Dadp_v\p A_vZn Akokv(d)sâ Ime¯v kIm¯v hm§m³ BfnÃmsX h¶t¸mÄ s]mXp JP\mhnse an¨apÅ [\w ASnaIfpsS hntamN\¯n\mWv \o¡nsh¨Xv. CXc hnIk\ ]²XnIsf¡mÄ {][m\w Cu ZpcmNmcs¯ XpS¨p \o¡emsW¶ Xncn¨dnhmbncn¡patÃm CXn\pÅ ImcWw.
ASna¯w kaql¯nte¡v IS¶phcm³ {][m\ambpw cWvSp hgnIfmbncp¶p DWvSmbncp¶Xv. H¶v sImÅbpw X«ns¡mWvSpt]m¡pw. CXns\ Ckvemw ]qÀWambn hne¡n. bp²amWv ASna¯¯n\pÅ asämcp ImcWw. bp²¯n ]nSn¡s¸Sp¶ XShpImtcmSv {][m\ambpw \mev amÀK§fmbncp¶p ssIs¡mÅm\pWvSmbncp¶Xv. apkvenwIfn \n¶v _Ôn¡s¸«hÀ¡v ]Icw tamNn¸n¡emWhbnsem¶mat¯Xv. kmaqlnI Xe¯n CXmWv IqSpX ^e{]Zw. tamN\{Zhy¯n\p ]IcapÅ _Z tamN\amWv cWvSmat¯Xv. \_n(kz) _Zvdn ]etcmSpw Cu kao]\amWv kzoIcn¨Xv. aq¶maXmbn cmPyc£¡v lm\nIcasöpd¸mbm Ahsc shdpsX hnSmhp¶XmWv. \_n(kz) _\qapkvXeJpImcpambn \S¶ kwL«\s¯ XpSÀ¶v Cu hgnbmWv A\p[mh\w sNbvXXv. Chsbm¶pw km[yaÃm¯ kmlNcy¯nemWv ASnaIfm¡s¸Sp¶Xv.
ASna¯sa¶Xv bp²¯nsâ XpSÀ\S]SnbmbXn\m bp²¯n\v ap¼v ASna¯w hne¡m³ \nÀÆmlanÃmbncp¶p. bp²\nhmcWw apkvenwIÄ am{Xw a\kpsh¨XpsImWvSmhnÃtÃm. C¶s¯t¸mse Bbnc¡W¡n\mfpIsf Xmakn¸n¡m\pXIp¶ XShdItfm IÂXpdp¦pItfm CÃm¯ A¶s¯ kmlNcy¯n bp²¯ShpImsc Iq«¡im]psN¿p¶Xns\¡mÄ am\pjnIhpw, shdpsX hnSp¶Xns\¡mÄ kpc£nXhpw ASnaIfm¡pIsb¶Xp Xs¶bmbncp¶p.
ASna¯w kaql¯nte¡v IS¶phcm\pÅ hgnIÄ ]camh[n AS¡ms\¶ t]mse AIs¸«hsc Bhp¶{X Xpd¶p hnSm\pÅ t^mÀapeIfpw, Ckvemw apt¶m«psh¡p¶pWvSv. AÃmlp a\pjy\p \ÂInb I®v, ImXv XpS§nb \nch[n A\p{Kl§Ä¡pÅ {]XnIcWsat¶mWw AhtcmSv Bcm[\Ifmhiys¸Sp¶ cwKw JpÀB³ hnhcn¡p¶Xv {it²bamWv. ""Ah\v \mw cWvSp I®pIfpw \m¡pw CcpNpWvSpIfpw \ÂInbnÃtbm? F¶ns«´p sImWvSh³ ASnasb tamNn¸n¡pI Asæn _Ôphmb A\mY¡v A¶w sImSp¡pI XpS§nb kÂIÀa§fnte¡v XÅn¡S¡p¶nÃ.'' al¯mb Hcmcm[\bmbn«mWnhnsS ASnahntamN\s¯ AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv. CXnsâ ASnØm\¯n {]hmNI³(kz)bpsS A\pNc·mcn ASnaIÄ ssIhiapÅ ]ecpw \ncp]m[nIw kzX{´cm¡pIpbpw CÃm¯hÀ ]Ww sImSp¯v ssIhis¸Sp¯n tamNn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. _nemÂ(d), kpssl_v(d) XpS§n ]ecpw C§s\ tamNnXcmbhcmWv.
\nkvImcw t\m¼v XpS§nb ]e ]pWyIÀa§fnepw t_m[]qÀÆw hcp¯p¶ Nne IrXyhntem]§Ä¡v {]Xnhn[nsbt¶mWw ASa¯hntamN\w \nÀt±in¡s¸Sp¶pWvSv.
CXn\p]pdsa HcmÄ A_²him asämcmsfsIm¶m _Ôp¡Ä¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIpIbpw HcSnasb tamNn¸n¡pIbpw thWw. IpSpw_mwK§Ä¡v t\cn« \jvS¯n\p ]IcamWv \jvS]cnlmcsa¦n kaql¯n AXphgn h¶ \jvSamWv ASna hntamN\¯neqsS ]cnlcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. kzX{´\mb Hcmsf ASnabm¡p¶Xv sImesN¿p¶Xn\pw tamNn¸n¡p¶Xv Poh³ \ÂIp¶Xn\pw kam\ambmWv Ckvemw ImWp¶Xv. F¶m aZy]m\hpw ]enibpw FS¯p Ifª t]mse F´psImWvSnkvemw ASna¯ k{¼Zmbw ]msS hn]mS\w sNbvXnà F¶ {]kàamb Hcp tNmZyw ChnsS Ahtijn¡p¶pWvSv.
aZy]m\hpw ASna¯hpw ]ckv]cw XmcXays¸Sp¯p¶Xn sNdnsbmckmwKXyapWvSv. ZoÀLImew ]cm{inX\mbn¡gnªp IqSnb Hcp ASna¡pÅn kzX{´amb HckvXnXzhpw kzm{ibt_m[hpw hfÀ¶p hcm\hkcw e`n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v kaql a[y¯nte¡hsc Ibdqcnhn«m KpcpXcamb ]e{]iv\§Ä¡paXv ImcWamhpw. kz´ambn hotSm IpSpw_tam CÃm¯ Ahsâ \ne\n¸n\p thWvSnbpÅ {]bXv\w, ]e IpäIrXy§fpw kw`hn¡m\pw A§s\ kaql¯n\v _m[yXbmbn amdm\panSbpWvSv. AhÀ¡I¯v Xs¶ DWvSmtb¡mhp¶ Ac£nXmhØbpw \ncmew_Xbpw {]Xo£n¨Xnepw henb {]bmkamWv hcp¯pI. 1857þ Atacn¡bn A{_lmw en¦¬ Hcp {]Jym]\w hgn ASna¯w \ntcm[n¨t¸mÄ \qdpIW¡n\mfpIÄ X§Ä¡v B{ibhpw ]mÀ¸nShpw \ÂInb DSaIfpsS Iognte¡v Xncn¨p t]mhWsa¶mhiys¸«v sXcphnedn§n ap{ZmhmIyw hnfn¨ncp¶phs{X.
CXn\p]pdsa aZy]m\w \oNamsW¶ Xncn¨dnhv \_n(kz)bpsS {]Jym]\¯n\pap¼v Xs¶ ]eÀ¡papWvSmbncp¶p. F¶m ASna¯s¯¡pdn¨v A¯csamcp [mcW At¶mfamÀ¡papWvSmbncp¶nÃ. km¼¯nI kmaqlnI{Ia§fpsS ASnØm\ LSIambn ASna¯ k{¼Zmbw kzoIcn¨pt]m¶ AhÀ¡nSbn s]s«s¶mcp {]Jym]\w hgn ASna¯w hne¡nbm \nehnepÅ km¼¯nI kmaqlnI{Iaw ASnapSn Xmdpamdmbnt¸mhm\nSbpWvSv. AXpsImWvSv hfsc hyhØm]nXamb coXnbn am{Xta Cu kmaqlnI ZpcmNmcw \o¡wsN¿m³ km[yamhpambncps¶mÅq. AXn\msW¦n Hcp ]pcpjmbpÊv aXnbmhpIbpanÃ. F¶ncp¶mepw 18þmw \qämWvSphsc bqtdm¸nepw B{^n¡bnepw ASna¯ k{¼Zmbw AXnsâ kIe arKob `mh§tf msS \ne\n¶t¸mgpw Atd_ybn ZpÀe`ambncp¶p. Ahtijn¨ ASnaIÄ Xs¶ hfsc am\yamb kao]\w ImcWw tamN\w t\Sm³ A{X XmÂ]cyapÅhcpambncp¶nÃ.