JpÀB\pw lZokpw

JpÀB³
]cnip² JpÀB³ AhXcn¸n¡p¶ hn[nhne¡pIsf {][m\ambpw aq¶mbn hn`Pn¡mw.
1. hnizmk]cambh:
apIÃ^v (ssZhnI hn[nhne¡pIÄ _m[Iamhp¶h³) \nÀ_Ôambpw hnizknt¡WvS Imcy§fmWXv. AÃmlp, {]hmNI³amÀ, ae¡pIÄ, Znhy {KÙ§Ä, A´y\mÄ, JZvÀ (ssZhnI \nÝb§Ä)Ch hnizkn¡eneqsS am{Xta HcmÄ apAvan\mhpIbpÅq.
2. kzm`mhnIw
apIÃ^v kzoIcnt¡WvSXpw hÀÖnt¡WvSXpamb ioe§sf ]änbpw ZpÈoe§sf ]änbpamWv CXn ]cmaÀin¡s¸Sp¶Xv.
3. IÀa]cambh
apIÃ^nsâ ]¡Â \n¶pWvSmIp¶ hm¡pIÄ, {]hÀ¯\§Ä, {Ibhn{Ib§Ä F¶nhbmWv ChnsS {]XnhmZyw.
IÀa]camb hn[nhne¡pIÄ Xs¶ C_mZ¯pIfmbpw (Bcm[\mIÀa§Ä) apBaem¯v (CS]mSpIÄ, {Ibhn{Ib§fmbpw)hn`Pn¡mhp¶XmWv. AYhm, Bcm[\mIÀa§fÃm¯km¼¯nI CS]mSpIÄ{Inan\Â\nba \S]SnIÄ, DS¼SnIÄ, sshbànI \nba§Ä apXembh.
JÞnXhpw AÃm¯Xpw
JpÀB³ ssZhnI {KÙamWv. a\pjysâ ssIIS¯epIfn \n¶pw ]qÀWambpw kpc£nXamWXv. Ãmlp Xs¶ AXnsâ kwc£Ww Gäncn¡p¶p. AXn\mÂXs¶ JpÀB\nI hN\§sfÃmw kwibteiat\y Øncs¸«Xpw If¦clnXhpamsW¶v \ap¡pd¸n¡mw. ]t£, JpÀB\nI kqà§Ä hn[nhne¡pIsf F§s\ kqNn¸n¡p¶p F¶v t\m¡n JÞnXsa¶pw AÃm¯sX¶pw (f¶n¿, J¯vC¿) F¶n§s\ hn`Pn¡mw.
JÞnXambh
cWvSmasXmcp hniZoIcWtam hywKyamb aäp AÀY§tfm tZymXn¸n¡p¶ hn[w kphyàamb Bb¯pIfmWnh. DZmlcWambn hy`nPmcnIfmb kv{Xo]pcpj•msc 100 ASn ASn¡pI. ChnsS hyàamIp¶p, hy`nNmcn¡pÅin£ \qdmWv, ASnbpsS F®¯n kwibansöv.
AJÞnXambh:
{]tXyIamb AÀYw tZymXn¸n¡p¶ aäp hniZoIcW§Ä¡pw (XAvhoÂ) AÀYt`Z§Ä¡pw km[yambXmWh. DZmlWambn samgns¨mÃs¸« kv{XoIÄ \mev JpÀAv hsc Im¯ncn¡Ww. JpÀAv F¶ ]Zw Ad_n`mjm]cambn ip²n¡pw sslfn\pw D]tbmKn¡s¸Sp¶p. ip²n: cWvSv sslfn\nSbnepÅ ip²n.
JpÀB³ ka{Khpw kmÀÆ ImenIhpw euInIhpw P\o\hpamWv. JpÀB³ kv]Àin¡m¯Xmbn H¶panÃ. AÃmlp {]Jym]n¡p¶p. ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? hnip² {KÙ¯n \msamcp hogvNbpw hcp¯nbn«nÃ. CXv ZmXmhmb AÃmlphnsâ {]Jym]\amsW¶Xn\m JpÀBsâ kaqeXbn \mw Hcn¡epw kwibnt¡WvSXnÃ.
lZokv
\_n (k) X§fpsS hm¡v, {]hr¯n au\m\phmZw F¶nh¡mWv. lZokv F¶v ]dbp¶Xv. taep²cWnbn \n¶v lZokv Juensb¶pw ^nAven F¶pw XJvcocnsb¶pw aq¶mbn thÀXncn¡mw.
hyXykvX kab kµÀ`§fn \_n (k) X§Ä]dª hm¡pIsf Juensb¶pw {]hÀ¯\§sf ^nAvens¿¶pw aäpÅhcpsS {]hÀ¯\§sf AwKoIcn¨v sImtWvSm au\ahew_n¨v sImtWvSm \_n X§Ä \S¯nb au\ A\phmZ§sf XJvcocn F¶v hnfn¡p¶p.
\_n X§fpsS lZokv ASnØm\m Ahew_§fn cWvSmat¯Xpw sXfChmsW¶Xn\m temI apkvenwIÄ sFIyIWvtTs\ GtIm]n¨XpamWv. lZoknsâ {]_eX¡\pkcn¨v lZokv ]ÞnXÀ kzlolv, lk³, fCu^v F¶n§s\ hn`Pn¨n«pWvSv. lZokv D²cn¨hcpsS F®w ASnØm\am¡n apXhm¯nÀ, Akokv, aivlqÀ XpS§n hIt`Z§Ä AhÀ \S¯nbn«pWvSv.
lZoknsâ {]mamWnIX
1. hnip² JpÀB\n ]ebnS§fnembn AÃmlp \_n X§sf ]n³]äWsa¶pw dkqens\ ]n³]äp¶XneqsS am{Xta AÃmlphnt\mSpÅ CYmA¯v (A\pkcWw) ]qÀWamhpIbpÅqsh¶v {]Jym]n¨n«pWvSv. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: \_n X§Ä sImWvSph¶Xv \n§Ä ]n´pScpIbpw hntcm[n¨Xv shSnbpIbpw sN¿pI. (kqd¯p livÀ)kaql¯n\nSbnÂ{]iv\§Ä DSseSp¡pt¼mÄ AÃmlphnte¡pw dkqente¡pw aS§Wsa¶pw dkqensâbpw AÃmlphnsâbpw Xocpam\§Ä AJÞnXamsW¶pw AXnÂhnizmkaÀ¸n¡m¯hsâhnizmkw km[phsöv AÃmlp ]dªn«pWvSv.
2. \_n (k)X§fpsS Xncpkp¶Xv (lZokv)AwKoIcn¡Â \nÀ_ÔamsW¶v {]hmNI¯n\v h^m¯n\v ap¼pw tijhpw kzlm_nIÄ GtIm]n¨n«pWvSv. sFIyIWvtT\ {]Jym]n¨n«pWvSv. kzlm_nIÄ {]hmNIsâ PohnXIme¯v JpÀBs\t¶m lZoskt¶m \nÀ_Ô kzoIcW¯n hIXncnhv ImWn¨ncp¶nÃ. {]hmNIsâ h^m¯n\v tijw AhÀAÃmlphnsâ ]cnip² Ieman {]Xnhn[n IWvSnsæn dkqensâ lZoknte¡v aS§pIbpw AX\pkcn¨v hn[n \S¸nem¡pIbpw sN¿pambncp¶p.
3. ]cnip² JpÀB\nÂ]ehn[nhne¡pIfpw kphyàambn {]Xn]mZn¡s¸«n«nÃ. AhbpsS {]hÀ¯\cq]§tfm ssienItfm hniZam¡s¸«n«nÃ. kzm`mhnIambpw A¯cw Øe§fn lZoknsâ hniZoIcWw AXymhiyambn hcpw. A¯cw hniZoIc§fnÃmsX B hn[nhne¡pIÄ PohnX¯n \S¸nem¡Â A{]m]yamWtÃm? C¯cw hniZoIcW§fneqsS lZokn hniZoIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv AÃmlphnsâ JpÀB\msW\v hyàamWv.
lZokv JpÀB\ns\ hniZoIcn¡p¶Xv aq¶v cq]§fnembn Npcp¡n hnhcn¡mw.
1. JpÀB\n h¶ lpIpw (hn[n) s\ ØncoIcn¡mt\m ZrVoIcn¡mt\m thWvSn h¶lZokv. At¸mÄ B hn[n cWvSv sXfnhpIfm Øncs¸«Xmbncn¡pw. JpÀB\n\mepw kp¶¯n\mepw. \nkvImcw, t\m¼v, lÖv, _lpssZh \ntj[w, amXm]nXm¡tfmSpÅ ISa, sIme XpS§nb Imcy§Ä CXn\v DZmlcWamWv.
2. JpÀB\n kqN\{]Imcw h¶Xns\ hniZoIcn¨psImWvSv apYveJv (\ncp]m[nIw)s\ D]m[nIfv tNÀ¯psImtWvSm Bans\ Jmkv B¡ns¡mtWvSm h¶ lZokv. AYhm, JpÀB\nse Cu `mK§Ä ]cn]qÀW hniZoIcW kzmX{´yw \_n X§Ä¡v AÃmlp \ÂIn F¶v. JpÀB\n \nkvIcn¡m³ IÂ]\ hs¶¦nepw AXnsâ cq]§tfm acymZItfm kIm¯nsâ IW¡pItfm lÖv IÀa§tfm l¡neqsSbpw {]hr¯nbneqsSbpw \nÀÆln¡s¸Sp¶ ^ÀfpItfm kp¶¯pItfm hniZoIcn¡s¸«n«nÃ. \nÀ_Ô§fpw hntcm[\Ifpw ad \o¡n hyàam¡n ....... t]mse \ap¡v kaÀ¸n¨Xv Xncp\_n (k) X§fpsS lZokmWv. kzm`mhnIambpw JpÀB\n \n¶v hn[nIÄ a\Ênem¡pt¼mÄ JpÀB\nepÅ AhKmlt¯msS lZoknse ]mÞnXyhpw A\nhmcyambn hcpw.
3. JpÀB³ au\ahew_n¨ lpIpapIsf AhXcn¸n¡m\pw Øncs¸Sp¯m\pw h¶lZokv. Hcp hnhml¯n Hcp kv{Xosbbpw AhfpsS A½mbn (]nXrktlmZcn) amXrktlmZcn F¶nhscbpw Hcpan¸n¡cpXv, ]pcpj\v hn«psImSp¡epw kzÀWw [cn¡epw \njn²amWv. IpSpw__Ôw sImWvSv ldmamIp¶hscÃmw apeIpSn _Ôw sImWvSpw ldmamIpw XpS§nbh lZokv sImWvSv am{Xw Øncs¸« hn[nIfmWv. Cu aq¶v cq]§fnemWv lZokv hcnIsb¶v Camw im^nCu (d) Xsâ {KÙamb cnkme¯p Dkqen¿bn ]dªncn¡p¶p.
CXneqsS a\ÊnemIp¶p; \_n X§fpsS CPv¯nlmZv (hn[nIÄ KthjW¯nepsS IsWvS¯pI) JpÀB³ ASnØm\am¡nbmWv. JpÀB\n hyàamIm¯ lZokneqsS am{Xw hnhcn¡s¸«hbn JnbmkmWv \_nX§Ä Ahew_am¡nbncp¶Xv.
lZoknsâ \nthZIsc ]cnKWn¨v lZokns\ \ap¡v aq¶mbn hn`Pn¡mw. apXhm¯nÀ, BlmZv, aivlqÀ)
1. apXhm¯nÀ: Ifhv ]db Akw`hyamb hn[w hensbmcp kwLw AtXmt]msebpÅ kwL§fn \n¶v \nthZ\w sNbvX lZokmWv apXhm¯nÀ. {]hmNI\n \n¶pw lZokv \aps¡¯p¶Xv hsc hensbmcp kwLamWv AXnsâ \nthZIsc¶XmWv CXnsâ {]_eX. \_nbpsS \nkvImcw, t\m¼v, lÖv, hm¦v XpS§nbh C{]Imcw \nthZ\w sN¿s¸«hbmWv.
2. aivlqÀ: {]hmNI\n \n¶pw Ht¶m ctWvSm Asæn sNdpkwLtam (apXhm¯ndnsâ F®sa¯m¯)\nthZ\w sN¿pIbpw Ahcn \n¶pw XpSÀ¶v \aps¡¯p¶Xphsc apXhm¯ndnÂ]dbs¸« kwL¯n \nthZnXhpamb lZokmWv aivlqÀ. {]_eXbpsS hnjb¯n#v#apXhm¯ndC\v XmsgbmWv Cu lZokpIÄ. A_q_¡À (d), DaÀ (d), A_vZpÃmln_v\p akvDuZv (d) XpS§CbhÀ \nthZ\w sNbvX lZokpIfn NneXv Cu hn`mK¯n s]«XmWv. Hm hniZoIcW¯n \n¶p Xs¶ apXhm¯ndpw aivlqdpw X½nepÅ hyXymkw \ap¡v a\Ênem¡mw.
lZokn \n¶v JÞnXambXpw AÃm¯Xpw
hpdqZv (\_n (k)& kzlm_nbn \n¶pw DÛhn¡p¶p) F¶ am\ZÞw ]cnKWn¨v apXhm¯ndpw ajvlqdpw JÞnXamb lZokpIfmWv. ]t£, aivlqÀ \_n X§fpambn \nthZ\w tNcp¶Xn kwibaptWvS¡mhp¶Xn\m apXhm¯ndn\p ]n¶nemWv. F¶ncp¶mepw kzlm_nIfnepw AXn\v {]_eX e`n¡p¶pWvSv. BlmZmb lZokpIÄ JÞnXasöv hyàamWv.
Zeme¯v (aXhn[nIÄ lZokneqsS ØncoIcn¡s¸Sp¶p) F¶ am\ZÞw sh¨v Cu aq¶v hn`mK¯n h¶ lZokpIfpw asämcp AÀYtam hywKyamb hniZoIcW§tfm DÄs¸Sp¯p¶nsæn tZymXn¸n¡p¶nsænev JÞCXamblZokpIfnemWv DÄs¸Sp¶Xv.
\_nbpsS hm¡v, {]hr¯n (lZokn \n¶pw) \ap¡v _m[Iamhm¯Xv
\_n (k)bpsS hm¡Ifpw {]hÀ¯\§fpw kaql¯n\v _m[Iamhp¶Xv dkq (ssZhktµiw ssIamtdWvSh³) F¶ hntijW¯neqsS DÛqXambXpw kaqlw ]n´pStcWvSsX¶ e£yt¯msS AhXcn¡s¸«XpamWv.
\_n X§Ä, AÃmlp {]tXyIamb Bcp idAv klnXw P\§fnte¡v \ntbmKn¨ km[mcmW¡mc\mWv. AÃmlp \_ntbmSv ]dbm³ I¸n¡p¶p. ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???
At¸mÄ \_nX§fn \n¶pw a\pjy{]IrXambn Imcy§Ä, \n¡Â, Ccn¡Â, t`mP\w, Dd¡w F¶nh idCÂs]«XÃ. ImcWw AsXmcp {]hmNIs\¶ \ne¡v \_n X§fpsS {]hÀ¯\aÃtÃm.
\_n X§fn \n¶v kw`hn¡p¶ am\pjnI ]cnNb§fpsS Iq«¯n DÄs¸Sp¯Wsa¦n AXpw idC s]«XÃ.I¨hSw, Irjn, ssk\nI ]cnioe\ ]cnNcW§Ä, tcmK \nÀWbhpw acp¶v \nÀt±ihpw XpS§nbh \_n X§fpsS am\pjnI ]cnNb§Ä¡v DZmlcW§fmWv. Hcp bp²thfbn {]hmNIÀ (k) ssk\yt¯mSv Hcp \nÝnX taJebn X¼Sn¡m³ ]dªt¸mÄ kzlm_nIfn NneÀ AXv icnsh¡mXncn¡pIbpw AXnt\¡mÄ tbmPyamb Øew \_n X§Ä¡v ]cnNbs¸Sp¯ns¡mSp¯t¸mÄ AhnS¶v kt´mj]qÀÆw AXv kzoIcn¡pIbpw At§m«v ssk\ys¯ amän¸mÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXXv Ncn{X{]kn²amWtÃm. aZo\bn \_n X§Ä h¶ kabw aZo\m\nhmknItfmSv B hÀjw ]cmKWw \nÀ¯n sh¡m³ A`n{]mbs¸«p. F¶m B hÀjw Cu¯¸gw IpdbpIbmWpWvSmbXv. AXns\¸än tNmZn¨t¸mÄ \_n X§Ä ]dªXv : sFlnI Imcy§Ä \n§Ä¡mWv Ft¶¡mÄ ]cnNbw F¶mbncp¶p.
C\n \_n X§fn \n¶pw DÂ`qXamb Imcy§Ä \_n¡v {]tXyIambhbmWv idC \n¶v t_m[yambm AXv \_n¡v kz´ambXpw AhnSs¯ {]tXyIXbpamWv. asämcmÄ¡v \_nsb A¯cw hnjb§fn amXrIbm¡m³ ]mSnÃ. \_n X§Ä \men IqSpXÂkv{XoIsf Htc kabw hnhmlw Ign¨Xpw idAv cWvSp km£nIÄ BhiyapÅnS¯v Jpsska (d) F¶ kzlm_nbpsS km£yw sImWvSv aXnbm¡nbXpw CXn\v DZmlcW§fmWv.
Npcp¡¯n taep²cn¡s¸« aq¶v thfIfn {]hmNI³ (k) \n¶pWvSmhp¶ hm¡pIfpw {]hÀ¯\§fpw lZokn s]«XmsW¦nepw \ap¡v]n´pSc \nÀ_ÔambtXm aXhn[nIfn s]Sp¶htbm AÃ. Ahbn NneXv {]hmNI (k)\v \nÀ_ÔamsW¦nepw AÃmsX s]mXp\nbahXvIcWsa¶ e£yt¯msS \_nX§fn \n¶pw DWvSmhp¶Xp am{Xta \ap¡v _m[IamIp¶pÅq.