kn¡v aXw

]Xn\©mw \qämWvSnsâ Ahkm\hpw ]Xn\mdmw \qämWvSnsâ XpS¡¯nepambn Kpcp\m\m¡v Øm]n¨ aXw. Ckvemw aXhpw lnµp aXhpw CXnÂ DÄs¸«n«pWvSv F¶hÀ ]dbp¶p. Ncn{X¯nepS\ofw apkvenw hncp²X ]peÀ¯nb ChÀ cmjv{ShmZ¯nsâ t]cnÂ lnµp¡tfmSpw ITn\ hntcm[w sh¨p]peÀ¯nbncp¶p. {_n«ojpImcpsS tImf\ohmgvNbpsS Ime¯v AhtcmSv iàamb Iqdv sh¨p ]peÀ¯n.

Øm]IÀ, hntij hyànXz§Ä
Øm]I³ Kpcp\m\m¡v BWv. Kpcp (A[ym]I³) F¶pw Adnbs¸Sp¶p. 1469þÂ emtlmdnÂ \n¶v 40 IntemaoäÀ AIsebpÅ Hcp {Kma¯nÂ P\n¨p. ]c¼cmKX lnµp IpSpw_¯nembncp¶p P\\w. Gsd Ignbpw ap¼v kqÂ¯m³ ]qcnse A^vKm\o t\Xmhnsâ IognÂ A¡uWvSâmbn tPmen sNbvXp. AhnsS sh¨v Cu t\Xmhn\v tkh\w sN¿p¶ apkvenw IpSpw_hpambn ]cnNbs¸«p. A¶p apXte KoX§Ä cNn¨p XpS§nbncp¶p. AXp t]mse apkvenwIÄ¡pw lnµp¡Ä¡pambn Hcp tlm«epw \nÀan¨p. {]mYanI hnZym`ymkw t\SnbXn\p tijw \m«nepS\ofw Npän k©cn¨p. CXn\Iw Xs¶ a¡bpw aZo\bpw At±lw kµÀin¨p Ignªncp¶p.
t\cnÂ IWvSmWv ssZhw Xt¶mSv am\h Ipes¯ £Wn¡m³ \ntbmKn¨sX¶v Kpcp\m\m¡v AhImis¸«p. XmaknbmsX, Ifn¨p sImWvSncns¡ A{]Xy£\mbn. aq¶p Znhk¯n\p tijw “apkvenwIfpaÃ; lnµp¡fpaÃ’ Fs¶mcp ap{ZmhmIyhpambn ]p\chXcn¨p. lnµp, apkvenw aX§fnÂ XmXv]cyw ]qWvS Ct±lw cWvSp aX§fpsSbpw ka\zbcq]amsbmcp aq¶mw aX¯n\mWv {ian¨Xv. Kpcp\m\m¡v apkvenw Bbncp¶psh¶mWv Ncn{XImc·mcnÂ NnecpsS ]£w.
kn¡pImcpsS BZy Bcm[\mebw Xes]m¡p¶Xv Ct¸mgs¯ ]mInØm\nse ImÀXmÀ]qcnemWv. JpÀB\nÂ \n¶pÅ sNdnb kqd¯pIfpw kqdXpÂ ^mXnlbpw FgpXnsh¨ Hcp hkv{Xw kZm IqsS sImWvSp\S¶ncp¶Xmbn ]dbs¸Sp¶p. \m\m¡n\p tijw ]t¯mfw Jeo^amÀ (Kpcp¡Ä) ]n³KmanIfmbn h¶p. AhcnÂ Ahkm\s¯bmÄ Kpcp¡fpsS irwJe Ahkm\n¨p F¶v {]Jym]n¨ Kpcp tKm_nµ knMv Bbncp¶p.

hnizmkmNmc§Ä
GIXzw DZvtLmjn¡p¶p. _nw_mcm[\ \nckn¡p¶p. {kjvSmhv GI\msW¶pw Acq]nbmsW¶pw hnizkn¡p¶p. CkvemanI, sslµh thcpIÄ ssZhs¯ IsWvS¯m\mbn AhÀ D]tbmKn¡p¶p. hmKpcp Km_v XpS§nbh. F¦nepw \m\m¡n\v Gähpw CjvSs¸«Xv bYmÀ° {kjvSmhv F¶ \maamWv. AXÃm¯hsbms¡ ambbmWv. t^mt«mIfnÂ ssZhs¯ Nn{XoIcn¡p¶Xns\ kn¡v aXw \ncpÕmls¸Sp¯p¶p. KwKkv\m\w F¶ sslµh ]pWyIÀas¯ AhÀ ]cnKWn¡mdnÃ. aZyhpw ]¶n amwkhpw A\phZ\obam¡nbpw tKmamwkw \njn²am¡nbpw \m\m¡v aXhn[n ]pds¸Sphn¨p. aX¯nsâ ASnØm\§fmbn AhÀ¡v A©p “Im’IfpWvSv.
H¶v: tIiw (apSn). apSn apdn¡msX kq£n¡Wsa¶XmWnXnsâ hnh£. X§Ä¡nSbnte¡v Nmchr¯n¡p thWvSn A]c·mÀ \pgªp Ibdp¶Xv XSbm\mbncp¶t{X CXv.
cWvSv: IwK (NoÀ¸v).
aq¶v: I¨ (apSn¡mepd).
\mev: Ir]mWw (hmÄ).
A©v: IÀI³ (Hcp ÌoÂ hf. ]mh§fpambn XmZmßyw {]m]n¡m\mWnXv.)
a\pjysâ P\\w, acWw, ]p\ÀP·w F¶nhbnÂ kn¡v aXw hnizkn¡p¶p. ap³ Ignª Pohn¯neh³ sNbvX IÀa§Ä¡\pkcn¨v Ahsâ `mhnPohnXapWvSmhpw. Cu L«¯nehsâ c£ \nÂ¡p¶p. Kpcphnsâ \nÀtZiw tamN\¯nsâ L«¯nte¡m\bn¡p¶p.
kn¡pImcnÂ hensbmcp hn`mKhpw ]©m_v kwØm\¯mWv Pohn¡p¶Xv. _m¡nbpÅhcnÂ Gdnb ]¦pw lcnbm\, UÂln kwØm\§fnepw C´ybpsS CXc `mK§fnepambn NnXdn¡nS¡p¶p. atejy, knwK¸qÀ, Ingt¡ B{^n¡, bp.sI, Atacn¡³ sFIy\mSpIÄ, Im\U F¶nhnS§fnepw kn¡v km¶n[yapWvSv. kn¡v ]pWyØeamb kphÀW t£{Xhpw knJv A[nImc¯nsâ tI{µamb AImÂ XIvXpw AarXvkdnemWv ØnXnsN¿p¶Xv.
hnip² {KÙ§Ä, cNbnXm¡Ä
BZn{KÙw: aX]camb KoX§fpsS kamlmcamWnXv. {]Ya A©p Kpcp¡fmWnXnsâ cNbnXm¡Ä. GItZiw Bdmbncw ]m«pIfS§nbXmWnXv. A´yKpcphmbncp¶ tKm_nµv knMv Xsâ ]nXmhv _lZqÀ cNn¨ \qän¸Xn\©p tÇmI§Ä CXnte¡v Iq«nt¨À¯n«pWvSv. AXp t]mse JÂkmIfpw (\njvIf¦À. Chcnse ]pcpj·mÀ B¬ knwl§Ä, kv{XoIÄ s]¬knwl§Ä F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p.) C_v\p ^mcnknsb t]mtem¯ kzq^nIsfgpXnb ImhyioepIfpw AXnepÄt¨À¯n«pWvSv.
dmlXv\ma: JÂkIfpsS BNmc§fpw A\pjvTm\§fpw A[ym]\§fpaS§nbXmWo {KÙw.
{KÙv kmln_v: tImÀaIn¿ `mjbnÂ hncNnXamb hnip² IrXn.

JÂkIÄ (`àÀ)
]¯mas¯ Kpcphmb Kpcp tKm_nµv kn§mWv `àn {]Øm\w cq]oIcn¡p¶Xv. AXnse ]pcpj·mÀ B¬knwl§fpw kv{XoIÄ s]¬knwl§fpambn hnfn¡s¸Sp¶p. JÂkbmbn amdm³ kn¡v aX¯nse bphm¡Ä AhcpsS A[ym]\§Ä kzoIcn¡p¶p. ]cpjamb aXs]cpamä hyhØIfneq¶nb Hcp kwLw bphm¡fmWnhÀ. \oXn¡pw AhÀ hnizkn¡p¶ kXy¯n\pw thWvSn PnlmZnte¡pw {]tXyI {]mÀ°\Ifnte¡pahÀ {i² tI{µoIcn¡mdpWvSv. am{XaÃ, ]pIbne t]mtem¯ kÀh elcn ]ZmÀ°§fpw hÀPn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. (AÂ aukqA apbÊd, 2/ 763þ 770)