^nXzdv kImXv

lnPvd cWvSmw hÀjamWv ^nXzÀ kIm¯v \nÀ_ÔambXv. Camw hIoAv ]dbp¶p: \nkvImc¯n\v klvhnsâ kpPqZv t]msebmWv t\m¼n\v ^nXzÀ kIm¯v. klvhnsâ kpPqZv \nkvImc¯nsâ A]mIXIÄ ]cnlcn¡p¶Xpt]mse ^nXzÀ kIm¯v t\m¼nsâ A]mIXIÄ ]cnlcn¡pw (Xplv^ : 305/3)
C_v\p Aºmkv (d) \nthZ\w sN¿p¶p: A\mhiy§fn \n¶pw A\mimky§fn \n¶pw t\m¼pImcs\ ip²oIcn¡p¶Xn\v thWvSn AÃmlphnsâ dkq ^nXzÀ kIm¯v \nÀ_Ôam¡n. (A_qZmhqZv : 1594, C_v\pamP: 1835, Xplv^: 305/3)
^nXzÀ kIm¯nsâ hn[n
^nXzÀ kImXv \nÀ_Ô _m[yXbmWv (Xplv^: 305/3). C_v\p DaÀ (d) \nthZ\w sN¿p¶p: apkvenamb ASnabpsSbpw kzX{´sâbpw ]pcpjsâbpw kv{XobpsSbpw sNdnbhsâbpw henbhsâbpw ^nXzÀ kImXmbn Hcp kzmAv Imc¡tbm Hcp kzmAv _mÀentbm sImSp¯pho«m³ \_n (k) \nÀ_Ôam¡n (_pJmcn : 1503, apkvenw: 1635)
BÀ¡mWp kIm¯v \nÀ_Ôw
^nXzÀ kImXv \nÀ_ÔamIm³ aq¶p \n_Ô\IÄ DWvSv :
1) apkvenamIÂ. apkvenan\p am{Xta ^nXzÀ kImXv \nÀ_ÔapÅq. Aapkvenw \ÂtIWvSXnÃ. F¶m Aapkvenw Bb BÄ Xm³ sNehv sImSp¡Â \nÀ_Ôamb apkvenwIfpsS kImXv sImSp¡Ww. DZmlcWambn : Hcp Aapkvenan\v apkvenamb ASnabpsWvS¦n ^nXzÀ kImXv sImSp¡Ww (Xplv^: 309/3)
2) km¼¯nI tijn; s]cp¶mÄ cmhnepw ]Ienepw X\n¡pw Xm³ sNehpsImSp¡Â \nÀ_ÔambhÀ¡pw Bhiyamb `£Ww, hkv{Xw, A\ptbmPyamb `h\w, Bhiyamb the¡mc³, ISw ho«m\pÅh F¶nh Ign¨v hÃXpw an¨apÅhÀ ^nXzÀ kImXv sImSp¡m³ _m[yØcmWv (^Xvlp apCu³:98)
3) kzX{´\mhÂ; ASna ^nXzÀ kImXv sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. Ahsâ kImXv DSabmWp \ÂtIWvSXv. ASna Ahsâ `mcybpsS kImXpw sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. AhÄ ASnabmsW¦n AhfpsS DSa AXp \ÂIWw. kzX{´bmsW¦n AhÄ Xs¶ \ÂIWw. (^Xlp apCu³: 97, alÃn: 33,34)
BÀ¡pthWvSn sImSp¡Ww
ta ]dª \n_Ô\IÄ H¯ph¶ BÄ X\n¡pw Xm³ sNehpsImSp¡Â \nÀ_ÔambhÀ¡pw thWvSn ^nXzÀ kImXv sImSp¡Ww. Cu B{inXXzw hnhmlw, DSaØX, _Ôp¯w F¶nh hgn DWvSmIp¶XmWv (^Xlp apCu³ : 97) F¶m ta ]dbs¸« B{inXÀ AapkvenwIfmsW¦n sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. (apKv\n: 545/1, alÃn: 34/2). aX{`jvS³ (apÀX±v) Ckvemante¡v aS§nh¶m am{Xta sImSpt¡WvSXpÅq (^Xlp apCu³ :98)
Xncns¨Sp¡mhp¶ hn[w samgnsNÃs¸«hfpsS (cWvSv XzemJv sNÃs¸«hÄ) ^nXzÀ kImXv sImSp¡Ww. Xncns¨Sp¡m\mhm¯ hn[w samgn sNmÃs¸«hÄ (aq¶v XzemJv sNmÃs¸«hÄ) KÀ`nWnbmsW¦n AhfpsS kImXpw sImSp¡Ww. KÀ`nWnbsæn sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. ]nW§n \n¡p¶ `mcybpsS ^nXzÀ kImXv `À¯mhv sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. AhÄ¡v sNehv sImSp¡pIbpw thWw. am{XaÃ, [\nIbmsW¦n Ahfpw kzbw sImSp¡pIbpw thWw. \nÀ[\\mb `À¯mhv `mcybpsS kImXv sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. AhÄ [\nIbmsW¦n Ahfpw sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. ImcWw `À¯mhn\v ]qÀ®ambn Iogvs¸«psImSp¯hfmbXpsImWvSv `À¯mhmWv AhfpsS kImXv sImSpt¡WvSXv. ChnsS `À¯mhn\v IgnhnÃm¯Xn\m AhÄ¡v kImXpanÃ. (^Xlp apCu³: 97)
km¼¯nI tijnbpÅ sNdnb Ip«nbpsS ^nXzÀ kImXv ]nXmhv sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. Ip«nbpsS kz¯n \ns¶Sp¯psImSp¡emWv \nÀ_Ôw. C\n ]nXmhv kz´w apXen \n¶v FSp¯psImSp¯m sImSp¡p¶ kab¯v Xncn¨phm§psa¶v IcpXnbn«sWvS¦n Xncn¨phm§mw. (^Xlp apCu³: 97,98, Xplv^: 325/3)
hy`nNmc¯n P\n¨ Ip«nbpsS kImXv amXmhmWv \ÂtIWvSXv. (^Xlp apCu³ :98)
tPmen sN¿m³ IgnhpÅ henbIp«nbpsS kImXv sImSp¡m³ ]nXmhn\v _m[yXbnÃ. am{XaÃ, Ahsâ k½XanÃmsX sImSp¯m kImXv hoSpIbpanÃ. (Xplv^: 325/3, alÃn: 38/2)
HcmÄ¡v ]IpXn kzmAv sImSp¡m\pÅ Ignhv am{XamWpÅsX¦n AXp sImSp¡Ww. C\n HcmfpsS ssIhiw Ipd¨p kzmDIÄ _m¡nbpWvSv. ]t£, FÃmhÀ¡pw XnIbnà F¦n BZyw kz´¯nsâ ^nXzÀ kImXv sImSp¡Ww, ]ns¶ `mcybptSXv ]ns¶ sNdnb Ip«n ]ns¶ ]nXmhv ]ns¶ amXmhv ]ns¶ henb Ip«n F¶ {Ia¯n sImSp¡Ww. (Xplv^: 318,319, alÃn: 35/2)
F´mWv sImSpt¡WvSXv
kImXv sImSp¡p¶ BfpsS \m«n apJyBlmcambn D]tbmKn¡p¶ `£W km[\amWv sImSnt¡WvSXv. Hcp {]tZi¯v apJyBlmcambn ]e]ZmÀ°§Ä D]tbmK¯nepsWvS¦n CjvSapÅXv \ÂInbm aXn. F¦nepw Ahbn ap´nbXv sImSp¡emWv D¯aw (Xplv^: 321þ324)
tISp]äm¯ [m\yamWp sImSpt¡WvSXv. ]pgp¡p¯pÅXv kq£n¨v sh¡mt\m `£Wambn D]tbmKn¡mt\m ]äm¯Xv DW§nbm kq£n¡m\pw `£n¡m\pw ]äm¯ hn[w \\ªXv, \ndw, cpNn, hmk\ XpS§nb KpW§fn amäw h¶Xv F¶nh \ÂInbm ]cnKWn¡pIbnÃ. s]mSnbm¡nbXpw ]änÃ. (Xplv^: 324,325/3)
Blmcambn D]tbmKn¡p¶ `£W km[\amWv ^nXzÀ kImXv sImSpt¡WvSXv. AXpsImWvSv Xs¶ km[\¯nsâ hne sImSp¯m ]cnKWn¡nÃ. (Xplv^: 324/3)
sImSpt¡WvS kabw
daZm³ amk¯nse Ahkm\ Znhk¯nse kqcy³ AkvXan¡p¶tXmSpIqsSbmWvþ AXmbXv sNdnb s]cp¶mÄ cmhnsâ BZyt¯mSpIqsSbmWv ^nXzÀ kImXv \nÀ_Ôam¡pI (^Xlp apCu³ : 97, Xplv^: 305/3). B kabw apX ]nsä¶v sNdnb s]cp¶mÄ Znhk¯nsâ kqcy³ AkvXan¡p¶Xv hscbmWv ^nXzÀ kImXnsâ kabw. sNdnb s]cp¶mÄ \akvImc¯n\v ap¼v sImSp¡emWp kp¶¯v. AXn\p tijw sImSp¡Â Idml¯mWv. F¶m _Ôphns\tbm AbÂhmknsbtbm {]Xo£n¨vsImWvSv ]n´n¸n¡Â kp¶¯mWv. F¶m Ahkm\ kabhpw hn«pIS¡m³ ]mSnÃ. (Xplv^:308, 309/3)
C_v\p DaÀ (d) \nthZ\w sN¿p¶ lZokn ImWmw : sNdnb s]cp¶mÄ \akvImc¯n\v ]pds¸Sp¶Xn\v ap¼v ^vXzÀ kImXv sImSp¯p ho«m³ \_n (k) IÂ]n¨p. (_pJmcn: 1503)
AÀlcmb BfpIfpsStbm [\¯nsâtbm A`mhw t]mepÅ {]Xn_豈 IqSmsX s]cp¶mÄ Znhkhpw hn«v ^nXzÀ kImXv ]n´n¸n¡Â ldmamWv. A§s\ sNbvXm F{Xbpw s]s«¶v JfmAv ho«Â \nÀ_ÔamWv (^Xlp apCu³: 98)
daZm³ ap¸Xv ]qÀ¯nbmIpItbm iÆm H¶nsâ amk¸ndhn ZriyamhpItbm sN¿temSpIqSnbmWv ^nXzÀ kImXv \nÀ_ÔamhpI. At¸mÄ B kab¯v Pohn¨ncn¡p¶ kImXv \nÀ_ÔamhpI. kqcymkvXab¯n\p tijw kw`hn¡p¶ amä§Ä ^nXzÀ kImXns\ _m[n¡pIbnÃ. DZmlcWambn kqcymkvXab¯n\v tijw P\n¡p¶ Ip«n¡v B hÀjs¯ kImXv \nÀ_ÔamIpIbnÃ. AXpt]mse kqcymkvXab¯n\v tijw hnhmlw sNbvXm B s]®nsâ ^nXzÀ kImXpw sImSpt¡WvSXnÃ. kqcymkvXab¯n\p tijw acn¡p¶hcpsS kImXv sImSp¡pIbpw thWw. kImXv \nÀ_Ôambkab¯v AbmÄ Pohn¨ncp¶p F¶XmWv ImcWw (^Xlp apCu³ : 97)
\n_Ô\bmbn taÂ]dª Imcy§Ä kqcymkvXab¯n\p ap¼mtWm tijamtWm DWvSmbXv F¶p kwibn¨m kImXv \nÀ_ÔanÃ. (Xplv^ : 308/3). kqcymkvXab¯n\pap¼v {]khw XpS§pIbpw kqcymkvXab¯n\v tijw ]qÀ®ambn ]pd¯phcnIbpw sNbvXm B Ipªn\v kImXv \nÀ_ÔanÃ. (iÀhm\n :308/3)
Afhv
^nXzÀ kImXv HcmÄ¡v Hcp kzmAv F¶ IW¡nemWp \ÂtIWvSXv (Xplv^ :319/3). \mev ap±mWv Hcp kzmAv (^Xlp apCu³ : 98). Afh{]Imcw 3.200 enädmWv Hcp kzmAv.
sImSpt¡WvS Øew
BÀ¡pthWvSn sImSp¡p¶pthm AbmfpsS \m«nse Zcn{ZÀ¡mWp ^nXzÀ kImXv sImSpt¡WvSXv. (^Xlp apCu³: 98) At¸mÄ KÄ^nepÅhcpsS kImXv KÄ^n Xs¶bmWp sImSpt¡WvSsX¶v CXn \n¶v a\ÊnemIpw. AhÀ¡v thWvSn ChnsS sImSp¯m km[phmIpIbnÃ.