Xkhp^nsâ Ncn{Xhpw hnImkhpw

kq^nk¯nsâ kwØm]\w
apl½Zv \_n(kz)bpsS Ime¯v hnizmkZÀi\§fpw kmaqlnIþkm¼¯nI \nba§fpw A\pjvTm\apdIfpw a\pjyNn´m \hoIcWcoXnIfpw CkvemanI kaqlhpambn CgInt¨À¶Xmbncp¶p. tijw, apkvenw kaqlw hnIkn¡pIbpw hym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ [mcmfw {]XnkÔnIfpWvSmbn. Hcp `mK¯v cmjv{Sob {]iv\§fpw hyXnNe\§fpw s]m«n¸pds¸SpIbpw bYmÀ° hnizmkn¡v Xsâ BZÀi¯n\pw A\pjvTm\§Ä¡pw k¦oÀWamb AhØm´cw kw`hn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. BNmcm\pjvTm\ \nba§fpw kmaqlnIþkm¼¯nI cmjv{Sob CS]mSpIfpw IpSpw_ hyhØbpw hniZoIcn¡m³ iàamb ASn¯dtbmsS ^nJvlv F¶ IÀaimkv{X taJe cq]saSp¯p. CkvemanI kaql¯nsâ hyàamb kz`mhs¯ \mep aZvl_pIfmbn AXv \nÀWbn¨p.
asämcp hi¯v AivAcn, amXpcoZn aZvl_pIÄ, hnizmkImcy§fn [mcmfw ]p¯³ {]Øm\§Ä Dulmt]ml§fpw {]iv\§fpw krjvSn¨t¸mÄ iàambn \nesImÅpIbpw þ apAvXkne, apÀPn¿, JZvcn¿, IÀdmanb, XpS§nbhsb Xd]än¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IÀaimkv{X {]Øm\§sft¸mse hnizmk {]Øm\§fpw apt¶m«v Kan¨p.
B²ymßnI ]ptcmKXnbpsS auenI XXz§Ä \_n(kz)bpsS Ime¯v hfsc iàambn \nesImWvSncp¶p. \_n(kv) AXn\v {]m[m\yw \ÂIn. hfsc Npcp§nb Imew sImWvSv Xs¶ \_n(kz)¡v NpäpapWvSmbncp¶ apgph\pw PmPzeyam\am¡m³ Xsâ D¶Xamb B²ymßnI ]cnip²n sImWvSv km[n¨p. Xsâ kz`mh¯nsâ ]cn]mh\Xzw sImWvSv P\§sf hnizmk¯nsâbpw Bcm[\bpsSbpw aqÀ¯n `mh¯nte¡v sImWvsS¯n¡m\pw kmaqlnIþcmjv{Sob ]ptcmKXnbnte¡v hgn\S¯m\pambn. Xsâ DÄ¡mgv¨ sImWvSv FÃmw \nco£n¡m\pw hyXykvX kz`mh¡mcpw {]IrXn¡mcp imcocnIþ_u²nI IgnhpÅhscbpsams¡ alma\kvIcXtbmsS H¶n¨v sImWvSv t]mIm\pw Ignªp.
BZy Jeo^amcpsS Imetijw k¼¯pw BVw_chpw cmjv{Sob AcmNIXzhpw Ipanªv IqSpIbpw kzmÀYXbpw [n¡mchpw Akqbbpw Al¦mchpw P\§sf \bn¡pIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ AÃmlphnepw A´yZn\¯nepw hnizkn¡p¶ bYmÀY hnizmknIÄ X§fpsS hnizmkw Hgp¡n¡fbm³ hnk½Xn¨p.

B²ymßnI Úm\¯nsâ Nnc{Xw
`uXnI temI¯n\pa¸pdw ]ctemI Øm\§Ä¡v ap³Xq¡w \ÂIp¶ hnip²aXamb Ckvemansâ BßobXbpsS hyàamb IÀatcJbmWv kq^nkw. AXnsâ hfÀ¨bpsS BZyL«§fn Ckvemansâ A´À[mcbmWv hyàam¡s¸«Xv. JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sNbvXpw [ym\\naá\mbn ]cnioe\w sNbvXpamWv kq^nk¯nsâ DÛhw. \_n kz bpsS Imew apX {]Ncn¨ph¶ AÃmlphns\ ASp¯dnª bYmÀ° Úm\¯nsâ B[mcineIÄ \qämWvSpImfmbn Kpcp injy ]c¼cIfneqsS XeapdIfnte¡v ]IÀ¯s¸« B²ymßnIXbpsS Ncn{Xw \ne\n¡p¶p.
kq^nkw F«pw H¼Xpw \qämWvSn aq¶v {][m\ \Kc§fnemWv hnIkn¨Xv
1) CdmJnse _kzd, Iq^, _KvZmZv
2) t]Àjy³ {]hniybmb Jpdmkm\nse _ÂJv ]«Ww
3) CuPn]vXv.
Aen¿p _n³ A_o Xzmen_v(d)hneqsS \_nXncpta\n(kz)bnte¡v sN¶p ap«p¶ ]n´pSÀ¨bpsS I®nIÄ FÃm ]c¼cmKX kq^o amÀK§fpw ]IÀ¯p¶pWvSv. knÂkne F¶ t]cn Adnbs¸Sp¶ CXp Xs¶bmWv XzcoJ¯nsâ Kpcp ]c¼cbpsS B[nImcnIXsb Ipdn¡p¶Xv. \Jvi_µn XzcoJ¯v {]Ya Jeo^ A_q_Ivdv kn±oJv(d)hneqsS \_n Xncpta\n(kz)bntes¡¯p¶ ]c¼csb XpSÀ¯s¸Sp¶Xv.
ss_kânb³ B[n]Xy¯n\v Iognembncp¶ a[y]qÀthjybneqsSbmWv kq^nkw hym]n¨Xv. {][m\ Kpcphnsâ (ssiJv þ ]oÀ þ apcoZv) Iogn B²ymßnI ]cnioe\w \S¯nt¸mcembnc¶p. A¡me¯v ]Sn]SnbmbpÅ aJmapIfpw (Øm\w) AlvhmepI(AhØ)fpambn AÃmlphnsâ kmao]yw IcØam¡n lrZbs¯ amen\y apàam¡n kvt\l¯nsâ aqÀ¯n aZv`mhw {]m]n¨v Bßob Úm\§Ä sImWvSv XzcoJ¯pIÄ Kan¨v sImWvSncn¡p¶p. kaql¯nsâ kar²amb `uXnImVw_c PohXw X§fpsS Bßob PohnXs¯ De¨v Ifbpsa¶v `b¶ NneÀ ASnØm\ aqey§fnepw coXnIfnepw Du¶n kq^n amÀK§sf kap²cn¨p. Dsshkp JÀ\n, ldap_v\p l¿m³, lk\p _kzcn, kCuZp_v\p apk¿_v XpS§nbhscÃmw BZyIme kq^n {]apJcmWv. lmcnkp apAÊn_nbmWv BZyambn [mÀanI XXzÚm\s¯¡pdn¨v FgpXnbXv. dm_nA¯Â AZhn¿ kq^o h\nXbpw ssZhm\pcmK¯nepw kmao]y¯nepw {]kn²bpambnc¶p. BkvZ kq^o ssk²m´nIcmbncp¶p A_q bkoZn _nkvXman(d). kz´s¯ `uXnIXbn \n¶v ASÀ¯nsbSp¯v aen\apàam¡pIbpw AÃmlphn hnebw {]m]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Kkmen Camansâ hn{ipX {KÙ§fmb ClvbmD Deqan±o\pw Ioanbm G kBZ¯pw Xkzhp^nsâ DÛhw JpÀB³ Xs¶bmsW¶v kaÀ°n¡pIbpw apJy[mcm Ckveman \n¶v H«pw hn`n¶aÃsb¶pw hyàam¡n. ]¯v \qämWvSn\pÅn Xs¶ kq^n kmlnXy§Ä {KÙ§fmbpw {]`mjW§fmbpw IhnXm iIe§fmbpw B²ymßnI Nn´bpsS {]`h tI{µ§fmbn amdnbncp¶p.
kq^nk¯nsâ hnImkw
]{´WvSpw ]Xn\©pw \qämWvSn CkvemanI temI¯nsâ hyXykvX `mK§fn kq^nkw kPohabn \esImWvSp. Cu ImeL«w kphÀW bpKamtbm ¢mkn¡Â ImeL«amtbm IW¡m¡p¶p. B{ia§fpw ]ÀWimeIfpw Úm\nIÄ¡v Xmakn¡m³ am{XapÅ CSambnÃ; adn¨v B²ymßnIXbpsS ]ShpIÄ Ibdm\pÅ HcnSambncp¶p. AXv aX¯nsâ Bßob his¯ AXy[nIw kzm[n\n¨p. Ckveman {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶ Hcp kmwkvImcnI hihpw kq^nk¯m kzm[o\n¡s¸SmsX t]mbn«nÃ. kq^nkw _KvZmZn \n¶v kPohX Ipdn¡pIbpw t]Àjy, C´y, hS¡³ B{^n¡, kvs]bn³ XpS§nb cmPy§fnte¡v hym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. kq^n amÀK§Ä XpS§p¶Xn\v ap¼v Xs¶ Ckvemanse icoA¯v \nba§fpÄs¸Sp¶ IÀaimkv{X taJebpambn kq^nkw kpµcambn kt½fn¨ncp¶p. ^nJvlnÃmsX Xkhp^nà F¶Xp Xs¶bmbncp¶p bmYmÀYyw. Camw Kkmenbpw ssiJv AÒZv kÀlnµnbpw CXv hyàam¡nbXmWv.
C¡meL«¯nse Gähpw {]_eamb XzcoJ¯v CdmJnse _mKvZmZn \n¶pÛhn¨ ssiJv A_vZp JmZnÀ Poem\n(d) X§fpsS JmZncn¿bmWv. ssiJv AÒZp I_oÀ cn^mCu X§fpsS cn^mC¿bpw Cdm\nse inlm_p±o³ kplvdhÀZnbpambn _Ôs¸« kplvdhÀZn¿ XzcoJ¯pw C´ybnse apCu\p±o³ NnivXnbpambn _Ôs¸« NnivXn¿bpw A_p lk\pÈmZpcn X§fpsS imZpen¿bpw {][m\s¸«hbpw A\pIcWobhpamWv.
\Jvi_µn XzcoJ¯nsâ {]KÂ` t\Xmhpw Hcp \qämWvSnsâ kap²mcI\pamb apP±nZp AÂ^n Êm\o ssiJv AÒZv kÀlnµn kq^nk¯nsâ {]NmcW¯n \nÀWmbI kzm[o\w sNep¯n. kÀhaXkXyhmZ¯nsâ heb¯n \n¶v Ckvemans\ At±lw kv^pSw sNbvsXSp¡pIbpw aqet{kmXÊpIfnte¡pÅ (JpÀB\pw Xncpkp¶¯pw) Xncn¨p t]m¡v AXnsâ Bßob hiw \ne\n¯ns¡mWvSv km[yam¡pIbpw sNbvXp.